COVID longue

Janvier 2026

Purpose The post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is associated with reduced work ability, increased sick leave and delayed return to work. Yet, the relationship is complex due to a heterogeneous set of PCS symptoms and the multifaceted nature of work ability. Methods Based on a population-based longitudinal study (n = 5422, 18-65 years) conducted in the Southwest of Germany, we describe the evolution of work ability (mWAI1), task-related work ability (mWAI2), and sick leave 6-12 and 24 months after a SARS-CoV-2 index infection and confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Descriptive analyses on mWAI1 and mWAI2 and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed. Results 1.1% of our population was continuously on sick leave since the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection (about 24 months after the infection). Pre-infection mWAI1 was not regained due to persisting or newly occurring symptoms of fatigue, neurocognitive impairment and anxiety/depression/sleep disorders that were related also to lower mWAI2. Effect modifiers of the associations between risk factors and mWAI1 or mWAI2 were age, working tasks, and comorbid mental conditions. Further SARS-CoV-2 infections were associated with poorer mWAI2 in physically (regression coefficient, 95% confidence intervals: -3.45 (-6.15,-0.74) but not mentally working participants (0.20 (-0.54,0.95)) and age proved to be a stronger risk factor for mWAI2 in physically working subjects. Conclusions We confirmed known risk factors but further emphasized effect modifiers like working task or comorbid mental disorders for work ability and described variables related to sick leave after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose This study examined the support provided by occupational physicians (OPs) in Japan to employees with Long COVID, a condition that has significantly affected workforce health during the pandemic. Methods An exploratory cross-sectional mixed-methods design was employed, consisting of qualitative interviews followed by a questionnaire survey targeting OPs certified by the Japan Society for Occupational Health. The interviews explored actual experiences of supporting workers with Long COVID, and the findings were used to develop the questionnaire. The survey and interview findings were integrated to describe overall occupational health practices. Results Twenty OPs reported 30 cases of employees with Long COVID in the interviews. Based on these findings, a questionnaire survey was conducted, yielding 182 valid responses. The integrated results showed that OPs most frequently reported Main OH Responses such as active listening, return-to-work assistance, and lifestyle guidance. Measures such as explaining workers' compensation applications and preparing lists of outpatient clinics were less frequently reported. For Advice for Employers, limitation of overtime, reduction of workload, and telework were commonly reported, whereas demotion and reassignment were rarely reported. Conclusions This study clarified how OPs in Japan supported workers with Long COVID through diverse, context-dependent practices. The identified Main OH Responses and Advice for Employers provide a framework for understanding current practices. Developing practical case examples, structured assessment tools, and workplace guidelines, together with further research grounded in real-world practice, will enhance OPs' ability to provide appropriate support and strengthen preparedness for future health crises.

Décembre 2025

Purpose Post-COVID-19 condition ('long COVID') involves fluctuating symptoms across multiple organ systems and disability or functional loss, which may be episodic, continuous, or permanent. Qualitative research is essential to capture lived experiences and explain how social and health system contexts may influence improvement, recovery, and service use. We synthesised perspectives from people living with long COVID and healthcare professionals to inform service design and policy. Methods We conducted a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between 1 January 2020 and 19 August 2025. Eligible studies reported qualitative data from adults with long COVID (>=12 weeks after acute infection) and/or healthcare professionals in any setting. We excluded non-qualitative, non-primary, or non-English reports. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted, and appraised studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Data were synthesised thematically. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework. Results Of 1544 records screened, 49 studies met the inclusion criteria: 41 involving patients, two involving professionals, and six involving both. Eight patient themes (including symptom burden, identity disruption and stigma) and four professional themes (including recognition, care coordination and holistic care models) were identified. Recognition emerged as a cross-cutting mechanism: validation and consistent pacing guidance facilitated engagement and safer activity, whereas invalidation and inconsistent advice were associated with distress, avoidance, and disengagement. Trajectories showed gradual expansion of multidisciplinary care models, but major capacity and equity gaps persisted. Most studies had low methodological concerns, although heterogeneity in populations and settings was substantial. Conclusions Long COVID is a chronic, biological condition that also intersects with social and psychological dimensions, and may present with episodic, continuous, or progressive trajectories. Healthcare services must prioritise early validation, provide consistent pacing and relapse prevention guidance, expand access to multidisciplinary and peer-supported rehabilitation, integrate mental healthcare, strengthen coordinated pathways, and support graded return to work. Explicit attention to equity is required to avoid widening disparities.

Purpose Long COVID (LC) presents significant challenges for working age individuals, leading to major inequalities in access to work, employment and relevant support. This study investigates the workplace support provided to people with Long COVID (PwLC) in the UK, focusing on their return-to-work (RTW) experiences. It encompasses perspectives from both PwLC and managers of PwLC. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 PwLC and two managers experienced in managing employees with LC. Inductive thematic analysis was performed using NVivo14. Results This qualitative research explored barriers and facilitators to supporting PwLC's RTW. LC is characterised by a wide range of mostly "invisible" and fluctuating symptoms and unpredictable recovery trajectories during which relapses can occur. Existing support mechanisms for RTW with LC include phased return, reduced hours, Occupational Health services, work adjustments, and government support. However, the study identified challenges in implementing these measures, such as unrealistic phased return plans, managers neglecting advice or guidance (e.g. from Occupational Health), unsuitable work adjustments and the burden of navigating government support. The financial impact of reduced hours or sick leave was one of the main reasons for returning to work. Both PwLC and managers highlighted significant gaps in knowledge, resources, policy and guidance for RTW support, emphasising the need for tailored support. Managers reported limited resources and inflexible policies as main challenges, which they addressed through creative solutions. Conclusion This qualitative study highlights potential barriers, challenges and gaps in supporting PwLC's RTW. To ensure equitable access to work for PwLC, a flexible and personalised approach is crucial, given the variability in LC symptoms and recovery rates. RTW support that fails to accommodate these characteristics may exacerbate symptoms or cause relapses. A supportive work environment is essential, as LC symptoms can be invisible and concerns about stigma may prevent PwLC from communicating openly and seeking support. Lack of resources is a major barrier for managers in supporting PwLC. Effective government support can potentially fill this gap but must be well-designed and implemented to reduce the burden on applicants.

Purpose To explore the experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Spain with long COVID and its impact on their job performance, from the perspectives of affected HCWs, healthcare providers, and key stakeholders. Methods A phenomenological, constructivist approach was used. Seven online focus groups and four interviews were conducted from April to June 2024. Transcripts were thematically analysed using Atlas.ti using a predefined guideline. Results Long COVID significantly impaired work ability due to physical and cognitive limitations. Sick leave followed long-term or intermittent patterns, though many HCWs hesitated to take leave. Return-to-work experiences were shaped by workplace adaptations, institutional support, and persistent symptoms. Improvement proposals include formal recognition and holistic workplace support as they are essential to reduce its occupational burden. Conclusions Long COVID significantly impacts affected HCWs job performance, highlighting a need for recognition, support and workplace adaptation.

Purpose Although the majority of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 recover without treatment, some individuals experience persistent symptoms (long COVID), which may negatively affect their activities and roles of everyday life, leaving them with a profound rehabilitation need. In response to the emergence of long COVID patients, a Danish municipality developed and implemented a structured, out-patient long COVID rehabilitation intervention (The Long COVID Rehabilitation Intervention). To understand how, why and for whom the intervention works, and its functioning, an exploration of the underlying programme theory is required. We thus aimed to explore the interactions between the intervention mechanisms of change, the implementation context and the expected outcomes of The Long COVID Rehabilitation Intervention to confirm or refine the initial programme theory. Methods We conducted a qualitative study from a realist perspective. Data comprised 12 individual interviews with patients participating in the intervention, a focus group interview with the health professionals delivering the intervention, and an individual interview with the manager of the rehabilitation centre. Transcripts were coded and analysed using a realist analytical approach, enabling for refinement of the initial programme theory expressed with context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Results We demonstrated a close interconnectedness among the context-mechanism-outcome configurations, with identity transformation as central to the intervention functioning supported by a person-centred rehabilitation approach, patient education, and peer support. Moreover, we identified acceptance as an overarching mechanism across all context-mechanism-outcome configurations, facilitating a reconceptualisation of beliefs, values, and roles. This empowered the patients to navigate and participate in daily life despite ongoing long COVID symptoms. Conclusion Overall, the initial programme theory was confirmed but required refinement to contexts and mechanisms. The theorisation of The Long COVID Intervention clarified how, why, and for whom it worked, informing the development of future long COVID and post-viral rehabilitation interventions.

Purpose Long COVID has been described as a 'mass disabling event', affecting over 400 million people worldwide. In the context of evolving medical knowledge around this novel condition, there is little research on how the broader determinants of health might interact with symptoms to influence the lived experience of people with Long COVID. This paper contributes a critical disability studies perspective to explore the structural determinants of well-being for people with Long COVID. Methods Drawing on interviews with 30 people with Long COVID and eight caregivers, we conducted a qualitative study (March-July 2023), applying reflexive thematic analysis to identify themes related to cultural norms/values and public policies. Results The results illustrate how social understanding of disability contributes to feelings of poor self-worth, increased isolation, and decreased motivation to access disability support. Disability support and return-to-work programs depict the dominant influence of ableist policies and their negative impact on people with Long COVID's wellbeing. In particular, respondents described how gaslighting occurs within social policy and work, as well as medical and environmental factors. Conclusion Multilevel interventions are needed to strengthen health and social policies, engage patients and caregivers, and address health and social disparities associated with Long COVID.

Novembre 2025

Purpose Data on the longer-term impact of post COVID-19 condition (PCC) on work-related functioning is limited, despite evidence on the persistence of PCC for years after infection. This study aimed to describe changes in work ability and sick leave associated with PCC up to three years post-infection. Methods We used data from 667 working-age individuals within a prospective population-based cohort following individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 between August 2020 and January 2021. PCC was determined at 12 months and work ability was assessed biannually. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on participants' physical and mental work performance and COVID-19 related sick leave were assessed at three years. Results Participants with protracted COVID-19 related symptoms at 12 months after infection reported persistently lower work ability scores than those without symptoms, with no evidence of a difference in change over time (-0.12 points per year, 95% CI -0.29 to 0.07). Compared to recovered individuals, work ability scores among those with moderate health impairment improved by +0.72 points per year (95% CI -0.04 to 1.46), while trends were similar among those with mild or severe impairment. A higher proportion of participants with PCC reported worsening in physical and mental performance at work than those without PCC. Among those with PCC, 11.5% (9/78) reported taking COVID-19 related sick leave for one month or more, in contrast to 4.0% (13/327) among those without PCC. Conclusion The study highlights the prolonged impact of PCC on work-related functioning and underscores the need for targeted occupational, clinical and social measures for those affected.

Octobre 2025

Purpose To explore existing evidence for the provision of support for return to work (RTW) in long COVID (LC) patients and the barriers and facilitators to taking up this support. Methods Design: A rapid review reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The study was preregistered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023478126). Data sources: Searches were completed in June 2024 across major databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, evidence-based medicine reviews, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Eligibility criteria: Included studies focused on people with LC (PwLC) symptoms lasting over 12 weeks and addressed either: (1) non-workplace- or workplace-based support for RTW and/or (2) barriers and facilitators to RTW in this population. Data extraction and synthesis: A quality assessment was conducted using the JBI Systematic Reviews critical appraisal tool. The data were summarised in tabular format and a narrative synthesis. Results Twenty-five studies were included. While many studies demonstrated rigorous methodologies and low risk of bias levels, some had high and medium risk levels. Non-workplace-based support was mostly measured quantitatively and included interdisciplinary healthcare programmes, clinical interventions and rehabilitation programmes focusing on pacing and breathing strategies. Compensation and insurance schemes were important funders of these interventions. Workplace-based support was mostly measured qualitatively. Barriers to the provision of support at organisational level included lack of understanding of LC symptoms, insufficient workplace guidance and educational gaps among managers. Individual barriers included threat of income loss, remote working and disconnection from the workplace. Facilitators for support included recognition and validation of LC and its symptoms, and eligibility for disability benefits associated with work. Conclusions RTW is an important outcome of health-related absence and should be systematically recorded in studies of PwLC. The heterogeneity and unpredictability of LC symptoms create challenges for supporting working age populations. Further research is crucial to better understand the specific RTW needs for PwLC and address potential barriers and facilitators to workplace-based support, particularly through interventions, organisational practices and employ-led policies that enable sustained RTW. Consistent guidelines on LC's definition and disability status may facilitate the provision of support and the development of interventions.

Purpose To explore in patients with postcovid-19 condition the influence of various factors on return to work in the year following diagnosis. Methods The study had an explorative quantitative and qualitative design based on interviews with 41 hospitalized (HC) and 63 primary care (PC) COVID-19 patients. RTW was described at 3 and 12 months, and differences between groups, changes over time and possible factors explaining RTW were analysed statistically. Qualitative analyses with content analysis of interviews were performed to describe obstacles to work. Results The obstacles for RTW were persistent symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and breathlessness with the consequences for work as lack of energy, decreased physical capability, decreased mental stamina, reduced cognitive ability, increased sensitivity to stress and general reduced capacity. At 12 months, 50% and 70% of patients in the PC and HC groups, respectively, had returned to full-time work, while 20% of patients in both groups had not RTW at all. To function at work, many patients expressed that they required adaptations. RTW was not dependent on the initial severity of COVID-19 or type of work. The likelihood of RTW was higher in males with COVID-19 onset during the second wave. Conclusion RTW may be limited after COVID-19 infection, regardless of its initial severity. Women with persistent covid had greater difficulty than men in returning to work. Limitations were due to a general reduced capacity mainly caused by physical and mental fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. However, the support from employers and the environment also has an impact on the RTW. If necessary, appropriate rehabilitation measures should be offered and adaptations of work content and the organization of the work at the workplace are of great importance.

Purpose Long COVID is characterized by the presence of new onset or persistent symptoms 3 months after a suspected or confirmed history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is a complex and multi-faceted condition that affects people in different ways. Long COVID affects individuals' labour market participation. While some cannot work, others may return to work (RTW) in a limited capacity. Determining what rehabilitation or related strategies are safe and effective for facilitating RTW is necessary. Objective: To synthesize evidence on RTW interventions for people living with Long COVID and to identify 'promising' interventions for enhancing work ability and RTW. Methods We followed Arksey & O'Malley's methodology and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Five electronic bibliographic databases and grey literature were searched. The literature search included various study designs, such as randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-experimental designs, and observational studies as well as clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Two reviewers conducted screening and data extraction, with disagreements resolved through consensus. Intervention studies were categorized as promising (statistically significant RTW outcomes or >= 50% RTW), somewhat promising (20% to < 50% RTW), not promising (non-statistically significant RTW outcomes or < 20% RTW), or uncertain (did not specify proportion of RTW). Results Twelve CPGs and nineteen intervention studies were identified. Of the intervention studies, 5 were cohort studies, 3 quasi-experimental studies, 4 observational, 2 interventional, 3 RCTs, and 2 case reports. Promising interventions included multimodal and interdisciplinary work-focused rehabilitation, multidisciplinary inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation, psychoeducation, pacing, and breathing strategies, shifting focus from symptom monitoring to optimizing functional outcomes, enhanced external counterpulsation inflatable pressure to improve blood flow, and constraint-induced cognitive therapy. Conclusion Many uncertainties remain regarding which RTW interventions are effective or the optimal characteristics of these interventions.

Septembre 2025

Purpose Long Covid is the patient-preferred term to describe persistent symptoms experienced following an acute Covid-19 infection. The severity and unpredictable nature of long Covid symptoms can affect every aspect of an individual's life. Under-represented groups such as ethnic minorities and lower socio-economic groups are disproportionately affected by long Covid and often face challenges in accessing healthcare and additional support. This study employed an intracategorical intersectionality approach to explore how the diverse experiences of long Covid among people from ethnic minority backgrounds are influenced by complexities like gender and socio-economic factors. Methods A secondary analysis of 31 semi-structured interviews with individuals with long Covid from ethnic minority backgrounds, using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Findings are presented around the themes: (i) gender and ethnicity; (ii) socio-economic factors and illness experience; and (iii) comorbidities, disabilities and living with long Covid. Participants describe challenges in gaining support, including from health professionals, family and communities, but these challenges were gendered to a degree, with women and men describing distinctive difficulties. Financial capacity was considered important in determining the type and extent of accessible care. Support from employers also influenced participant's ability to take adequate time to recover and return to work. The interplay of comorbidities with long Covid could heighten the risk of more severe symptoms and complicate help-seeking for -and management of -long Covid. Conclusion An intracategorical intersectional exploration of lived experience is necessary to reveal the nuances in individual experiences of long Covid. Findings will be of interest to health professionals and researchers in supporting their understanding of intersectional experiences of their patients.

Purpose Long COVID is a frequent post-infectious chronic condition that impacts quality of life and work performance. Whether individuals with comorbidities experience a greater functional impact of long COVID is unknown. We evaluated the functional impact of long COVID among healthcare workers (HCWs) with chronic cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, obesity, or a history of depression, and compared it with that of HCWs without comorbidities. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Quebec, Canada. We compared self-reported long COVID cases to COVID-19-infected controls without long COVID on work ability, work functioning, health-related absenteeism, dyspnea-associated impairment, and psychological distress. We used inverse probability of exposure and robust Poisson regressions to estimate adjusted prevalence differences (aPD) and prevalence ratios. Comorbidity data were obtained from the Quebec integrated chronic disease surveillance system. Results A total of 3,754 and 8,439 HCWs with and without comorbidities, respectively, were included. Among HCWs with comorbidities, long COVID was associated with lower work ability, lower work functioning, more health-related long-term absenteeism, more dyspnea-associated impairment, and higher psychological distress (aPDs between 8% (95%CI: 5%-11%) for long-term absenteeism and 27% (95%CI: 22%-31%) for low work functioning). aPDs were greater among HCWs with comorbidities than among those without for low work ability (p=0.01 for interaction), for low work functioning (p=0.03), and for dyspnea-associated impairment (p<0.01). Conclusion Long COVID is associated with significant functional impairment among HCWs with pre-existing chronic conditions.

Juillet-août 2025

Purpose Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) can have long-lasting adverse effects, including impacts on work ability. This study explores the facilitators and barriers in the return-to-work (RTW) process. Methods Conducted in spring 2023 at the Outpatient Clinic for Long-Term Effects of COVID-19, this qualitative study involved phone interviews with 32 patients with PCC, of whom 28 were included in the analysis, while four interviews served as pilots. A research doctor conducted semi-structured interviews covering work ability, RTW actions and rehabilitation experiences. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an inductive approach. Results Several factors influenced work ability and the RTW process. For individual-related factors, self-guided rehabilitation, stress management, a positive attitude and high motivation supported RTW. Severe symptoms like fatigue and cognitive impairment, along with negative thoughts about them and experience of stress, hindered progress. Work-related factors included supportive employers and flexible work arrangements, while negative attitudes, skepticism about PCC and inflexible workloads were barriers. Health care-related and social factors showed that adequate emotional support and comprehensive healthcare services facilitated rehabilitation, whereas poor support, limited services and insufficient PCC understanding were obstacles. Regarding social insurance, partial sick leave supported RTW, but unmet criteria for benefits posed a barrier. Conclusion PCC's multifactorial nature, complicated by work ability challenges, requires a holistic approach considering individual, social and work-related factors. Effective support involves understanding patients' experiences and fostering collaboration among healthcare providers, employers and the social security system to facilitate RTW, especially in prolonged cases.

Purpose The long-term effects of COVID-19, known as post-COVID condition (PCC), are still not fully understood. Methods This systematic review synthesizes findings from Nordic registry studies to highlight long-term outcomes after COVID-19 infection. Results Twenty-two studies, primarily reflecting the pre-omicron and early vaccination phases, reveal increased primary care use for respiratory issues and fatigue in the sub-acute and chronic phases, with PCC incidence estimated below 2% in the general population. Most individuals returned to work within three months post-infection, and the risk of new neurological or mental disorders did not exceed that in patients with other infections. Conclusions The review demonstrates the value of high-quality Nordic health registries in capturing reliable, population-wide data, though generalizability may be limited to similar healthcare systems. Findings suggest the need for targeted follow-up in patients with severe COVID-19, particularly those requiring intensive care, to manage potential new-onset diseases and guide resource allocation in the pandemic's endemic phase.

Une enquête épidémiologique a été menée pendant l’été 2023 chez les travailleurs et travailleuses de la santé et des services sociaux (TdeS) du Québec pour évaluer la fréquence de l’affection post-COVID-19 (APC), ses impacts fonctionnels, et son évolution pendant un suivi de deux ans. Ce deuxième rapport présente les résultats sur l’impact fonctionnel de l’APC de la première phase de l’enquête.

Au moment de l’enquête environ 6 % (24 000) de tous les TdeS du Québec présentaient des symptômes d’APC, dont des cas d’APC légère (24 %), modérée (43 %), grave (18 %) et très grave (15 %) selon la gravité des symptômes autorapportés.
Plus de 50 % des cas d’APC rapportaient une performance à l’effort physique pire qu’avant la pandémie. Une limitation grave à l’exercice physique (essoufflement en terrain plat) était rapportée par 22 % des cas d’APC, comparativement à 3 à 6 % des TdeS sans APC.
Des difficultés cognitives dans les activités quotidiennes étaient rapportées trois fois plus fréquemment chez les cas d’APC comparativement aux TdeS sans APC.
Deux tiers des cas d’APC rapportaient avoir de la détresse psychologique, comparativement à un tiers des TdeS sans APC. La détresse reliée à l’APC augmentait avec la gravité de l’APC.
La plupart des cas d’APC continuaient à occuper un travail rémunéré au moment de l’enquête, mais 12 % avaient réduit leur nombre d’heures travaillées et 6 % avaient changé pour un travail moins exigeant.
Des absences de 25 jours ouvrables ou plus liés à la santé au cours de la dernière année étaient rapportées par 26 % des cas d’APC, comparativement à 10 % des TdeS sans APC. Le risque d’absentéisme >100 jours était associé au nombre de symptômes de l’APC, à la présence de fatigue ou de symptômes cognitifs modérés ou graves, et aux antécédents de trouble dépressif, de maladie pulmonaire chronique et de diabète.
Parmi les TdeS occupant un travail rémunéré au cours des quatre dernières semaines, les cas d’APC éprouvaient de la difficulté à répondre aux exigences du travail 27 % du temps en moyenne, comparativement à 18 % pour les TdeS sans APC. Le risque de rencontrer des difficultés de fonctionnement au travail était associé au nombre de symptômes de l’APC, à la présence de fatigue ou symptômes cognitifs, au sexe féminin, et à un âge inférieur à 55 ans.
En résumé, l’ensemble des indicateurs d’impact fonctionnel se sont détériorés selon le degré de gravité de l’APC. La performance à l’effort physique et la capacité face aux exigences physiques du travail étaient les indicateurs les plus fortement touchés.
Les facteurs de risques psychosociaux du travail les plus susceptibles d’influencer le fonctionnement au travail et le maintien en emploi chez les TdeS avec APC étaient : les exigences quantitatives, les conflits travail-vie personnelle, les conflits de rôles, la qualité du travail et la reconnaissance.

© Carazo, S., De Serres, G., Ouakki, M., Nicolakakis, N., Canitrot, E., Perron, S., Drescher,O., Grenier, S., Laforce, R. Jr., Coutu, M.F., Durand, M.J., Décary, S., Denis, G., Falcone, E.L., Piché, A., Dallaire, C. (2025). Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ) : https://www.inspq.qc.ca/sites/default/files/publications/3685-impact-affection-post-covid-19-personnel-sante.pdf

Juin 2025

Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges for health workers worldwide. While previous studies have primarily focused on acute COVID-19 symptoms, limited research has explored the long-term impacts on the work ability of health professionals. This study aims to identify determinants influencing the work ability of health and social services workers with work-related COVID-19 infection in Germany, with the aim of developing hypotheses for future studies. Methods Data from a quantitative longitudinal study involving 1,300 health and social services workers in Germany were analyzed. The Work Ability Score (WAS) was used to assess participants’ work ability. Results Among the participants, 75.2% reported experiencing post-COVID symptoms, and 51.3% had low levels of work ability. Several factors such as obesity, severe acute memory and concentration problems from the initial phase of COVID-19, post-COVID symptoms, and pre-existing psychological conditions were associated with reduced work ability. Conversely, medical and therapeutic staff had better work ability levels than nurses. Conclusions Interventions such as rehabilitation measures and workplace adjustments are needed to mitigate these effects and improve the long-term occupational resilience of healthcare workers affected by the consequences of COVID-19.

Mai 2025

Purpose Long Covid is an activity-limiting condition that causes significant long-term impairment that can last up to one year or longer and impacts labour participation. 'Episodic disability' is an apt conceptual framework to comprehend the fluctuating impairments of those with Long Covid and the barriers they encounter when returning to employment. Methods & Results Drawing on 65 narrative interviews, conducted between 2021 and 2022, from three UK studies involving adults with Long Covid, this article demonstrates how participants experienced a 'spoiled identity', had their 'disability' status challenged due to existing in-between (dis)ability classifications and experienced their 'bodies-at-odds' with their working environment. The additional 'adjustment' and 'administrative' work of navigating disabling systems required participants to balance workloads to avoid relapse. Conclusion Utilising 'episodic disability' demonstrates that current sickness absence, return to work and welfare policies are disabling and unfit for purpose, requiring participants to take sole responsibility for the additional 'rehabilitative work' involved in returning to employment. Points of interest: There is very little advice for people with Long Covid on how best to return to work. Long Covid is not yet officially classified as a 'disability' in the UK. People with Long Covid may have symptoms others cannot see and symptoms that vary. One day symptoms may be very severe and debilitating and other times they are less severe. People with Long Covid report sadness, guilt and fear about being unable to work as well as they had done before. Because Long Covid symptoms can be invisible to others and their severity is unpredictable, some people said they felt disbelieved about how serious their symptoms were and said that people at work did not realise they needed workplace adaptations. Sickness absence policies that classify employees simply as either 'able' or 'disabled' do not work for people with unpredictable illnesses that vary in their severity, like Long Covid.

Le présent document de réflexion décrit l’incidence de la COVID longue sur la capacité de travail et la manière dont elle est évaluée. Il décrit également les défis à relever pour une réinsertion efficace des personnes atteintes, ainsi que les bonnes pratiques à suivre. Le document présente les outils que les médecins du travail doivent utiliser pour évaluer les symptômes de la COVID longue, et fournit des conseils pratiques sur la réinsertion au travail. Des informations sur l’auto-réinsertion des travailleurs atteints de la COVID longue sont également prodiguées. Le rôle de la direction, les principes généraux que les employeurs et les prestataires de soins de santé devraient prendre en considération, et les besoins politiques liés à la réinsertion des travailleurs atteints de la COVID longue sont également abordés.

© Vavougios GD, Vasileios TS, Konstantinos I. Discussion Paper. European Agency for Health and Safety at Work (EUOSHA). 10 Apr. 2025: https://osha.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Long-COVID-worker-rehabilitation_EN.pdf

Les travailleurs atteints d’une COVID longue souffrent d'une détérioration de leur santé physique, cognitive et mentale. Ce guide fournit aux employeurs des informations sur la manière d’identifier la COVID longue chez les travailleurs, d’évaluer la capacité de travail, de mettre en place des aménagements sur le lieu de travail et de garantir des possibilités de réinsertion. Il est important de noter que tous les acteurs du travail devraient être impliqués dans l’élaboration d’un plan de retour au travail progressif qui tienne compte de la gestion de la charge de travail, des demandes en matière d’horaire, de l’effort, des modifications du lieu de travail et de la réinsertion. Les employeurs peuvent utiliser les dispositions édictées par le gouvernement pour soutenir de telles mesures, qui peuvent également contribuer à la rétention des travailleurs.

La COVID longue a une incidence sur la santé physique, cognitive et mentale des travailleurs. Ce guide à l’intention des médecins du travail et des services de médecine du travail contient des informations sur les symptômes de la COVID longue et les échelles qui peuvent être utilisées pour évaluer la capacité de travail. Les médecins du travail et les spécialistes de la réinsertion doivent régulièrement mettre à jour les pratiques en la matière et faciliter la communication ainsi que les aménagements sur le lieu de travail. Il est primordial d’inclure le travailleur, l’employeur, les professionnels des services de santé et les experts en sécurité au travail pour garantir la réussite de la réinsertion, le retour progressif au travail et la rétention des travailleurs.

© European Agency for Health and Safety at Work (EUOSHA). 10 Apr. 2025 : https://osha.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Long-COVID-workplace-adaptation-rehabilitation-occupational-physicians-guide_EN.pdf

Avril 2025

Purpose Return to work has become more valuable today more than ever especially for adult workers who experience post-COVID condition. This scoping review aims to map the extant literature on the role of occupational therapists for people with post COVID condition returning to work. Specifically, we described the roles of occupational therapists, identified the professionals occupational therapists work with in this practice setting, and determined whether the concept of return to work is perceived as an outcome or a process. Method The review followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework and reported the results using PRISMA extension. A systematic database search was performed in June 2024 and was updated in February 2024 to retrieve literature published from 2021 onwards. Results A total of 33 papers from 5106 records were included. The included records were studies from varying designs and largely coming from Western and developed countries. Our results revealed that ooccupational therapists have a wide-ranging role from providing clinical assessments and interventions, facilitating and advocating activities to prepare for work participation, and working within teams to target clinical and return-to-work outcomes. To be effective in their role, occupational therapists work interprofessionally within teams composed of health, social, legal and service professionals. The concept of return to work was largely perceived as an outcome of rehabilitation and recovery, and less likely as a dynamic process that bridges patients from the health system to societal integration. Conclusion Occupational therapists have a crucial role in return-to-work practice especially for people with post COVID condition.

Purpose Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been particularly impacted by long COVID, with negative effects on their work patterns and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore the intersection between work and long COVID for HCWs, to understand the impact of long COVID on their professional identify, their orientation to work, their wellbeing as professionals, and support needs and strategies for them as well as their managers to continue to work. Methods This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured online interviews with three groups: HCWs with long COVID, their support network members, and healthcare managers between March 2023 and May 2024. To maintain confidentiality and address concerns about workplace stigma, healthcare managers were not matched with specific HCWs. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling, until data saturation was reached, defined as the point at which no new insights or themes were identified. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results A total of 42 participants were interviewed from three groups, comprising 24 HCWs, five support network members, and 13 healthcare managers. Four key themes were identified describing experiences of long COVID for HCWs: (1) Living and coping with long COVID as a HCW, (2) Workplace impact and adjustments, (3) The uncertain nature of long COVID and challenges of the definition, and (4) Feelings of guilt, stigma and blame. Conclusion In conclusion, long COVID has created significant challenges not only for HCWs but also for their managers, who struggled with staffing shortages and lack of clear guidance, and support network members who experienced emotional strain while providing care. The combination of these challenges threatens NHS workforce stability and service delivery. Developing and embedding flexible, standardised workplace interventions-such as phased return-to-work policies and tailored occupational health support-could mitigate these impacts and inform scalable solutions across diverse healthcare systems. Enhanced training for healthcare managers and further research into culturally diverse coping mechanisms could improve support for affected HCWs, reduce stigma, and contribute to a more stable and resilient healthcare workforce. While based in the UK, these findings offer important insights for health systems globally that are grappling with the long-term workforce implications of long COVID.

What is already known about this subject? There are large number of cases of long COVID worldwide and rising numbers of cases of ill-health retirement: long COVID causes multi-morbidity, and this is happening 10 years younger than pre-pandemic. Approximately 25% of people with long COVID are not able to work with another 50% working in reduced capacity, yet many are wanting and needing to return to work (RTW). The number of people out of the workplace is having a significant effect on the economy in the UK and other countries and there is a business case for retaining this worker expertise. What this guideline adds. Provides detailed RTW advice to empower the workplace in supporting workers with long COVID. Identifies key workplace accommodations, which can lead to sustained RTW, thus aiding workforce retention. Lists core interventions as: slow phased return; personalized, flexible RTW plan; prevention of reinfections. Impact on practice, policy or procedure? Empowers managers and workers by giving detailed advice on agreeing the tailored content of RTW plans, and flexible phased return schedules, which can lead to a sustained RTW. Equips occupational health professionals, human resources, employers and workers with a common language and set of tools for managing long COVID. Potential benefits include empowered management, a workforce confident in their ability to work with health limitations and maintained productivity.

Purpose In 2021, the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation established the Multi-Disciplinary Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Collaborative to provide guidance from established Long COVID clinics for the evaluation and management of Long COVID. The collaborative previously published eight Long COVID consensus guidance statements using a primarily symptom-based approach. However, Long COVID symptoms most often do not occur in isolation. This compendium aims to equip clinicians with an efficient, up-to-date clinical resource for evaluating and managing adults experiencing Long COVID symptoms. The primary intended audience includes physiatrists, primary care physicians, and other clinicians who provide first-line assessment and management of Long COVID symptoms, especially in settings where subspecialty care is not readily available. This compendium provides a holistic framework for assessment and management, symptom-specific considerations, and updates on prevalence, health equity, disability considerations, pathophysiology, and emerging evidence regarding treatments under investigation. Because Long COVID closely resembles other infection-associated chronic conditions (IACCs) such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, the guidance in this compendium may also be helpful for clinicians managing these related conditions. Methods Guidance in this compendium was developed by the collaborative's established modified Delphi approach. The collaborative is a multidisciplinary group whose members include physiatrists, primary care physicians, pulmonologists, cardiologists, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, neurologists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech and language pathologists, patients, and government representatives. Over 40 Long COVID centers are represented in the collaborative. Results Long COVID is defined by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine as "an IACC that occurs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and is present for at least 3 months as a continuous, relapsing and remitting, or progressive disease state that affects one or more organ systems." The current global prevalence of Long COVID is estimated to be 6%. Higher prevalence has been identified among female gender, certain racial and ethnic groups, and individuals who live in nonurban areas. However, anyone can develop Long COVID after being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Long COVID can present as a wide variety of symptom clusters. The most common symptoms include exaggerated fatigue and diminished energy windows, postexertional malaise (PEM)/postexertional symptom exacerbation (PESE), cognitive impairment (brain fog), dysautonomia, pain/myalgias, and smell and taste alterations. Holistic assessment should include a traditional history, physical examination, and additional diagnostic testing, as indicated. A positive COVID-19 test during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is not required to diagnose Long COVID, and currently, there is no single laboratory finding that is definitively diagnostic for confirming or ruling out the diagnosis of Long COVID. A basic laboratory assessment is recommended for all patients with possible Long COVID, and consideration for additional labs and diagnostic procedures is guided by the patient's specific symptoms. Current management strategies focus on symptom-based supportive care. Critical considerations include energy conservation strategies and addressing comorbidities and modifiable risk factors. Additionally, (1) it is essential to validate the patient's experience and provide reassurance that their symptoms are being taken seriously because many patients have had their symptoms dismissed by loved ones and clinicians; (2) physical activity recommendations must be carefully tailored to the patient's current activity tolerance because overly intense activity can trigger PEM/PESE and worsened muscle damage; and (3) treatment recommendations should be delivered with humility because there are many persistent unknowns related to Long COVID. To date, there are limited data to guide medication management specifically in the context of Long COVID. As such, medication use generally follows standard practice regarding indications and dosing, with extra attention to prioritize (1) patient preference via shared decision-making and (2) cautious use of medications that may improve some symptoms (eg, cognitive/attention impairment) but may worsen other symptoms (eg, PEM/PESE). Numerous clinical trials are investigating additional treatments. The return-to-work process for individuals with Long COVID can be challenging because symptoms can fluctuate, vary in nature, affect multiple functional areas (eg, physical and cognitive), and often manifest as an "invisible disability" that may not be readily acknowledged by employers or coworkers. Clinicians can help patients return to work by identifying suitable workplace accommodations and resources, providing necessary documentation, and recommending occupational or vocational therapy when needed. If these efforts are unsuccessful and work significantly worsens Long COVID symptoms or impedes recovery, applying for disability may be warranted. Long COVID is recognized as a potential disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Conclusion To contribute to the overall health and well-being for all patients, Long COVID care should be delivered in a holistic manner that acknowledges challenges faced by the patient and uncertainties in the field. For more detailed information on assessment and management of specific Long COVID symptoms, readers can reference the collaborative's symptom-specific consensus guidance statements.

© Cheng AL; Herman E; Abramoff B; Anderson JR; Azola A; Baratta JM; Bartels MN; Bhavaraju-Sanka R; Blitshteyn S; Fine JS; Fleming TK; Verduzco-Gutierrez M; Herrera JE; Karnik R; Kurylo M; Longo MT; McCauley MD; Melamed E; Miglis MG; Neal JD; Oleson CV; Putrino D; Rydberg L; Silver JK; Terzic CM; Whiteson JH; Niehaus WN. Pm & R. 2025 Apr 22.

Février 2025

Purpose Understanding Long COVID's impact on healthcare workers (HCWs) is vital for patient safety and care quality. However, research on its prevalence among HCWs in Singapore and its work impact is lacking. This study aims to assess Long COVID prevalence and its impact on work role functioning among HCWs in two Singapore tertiary hospitals, filling a critical gap in the literature. Methods Conducted from January to April 2023, this study evaluated Long COVID prevalence and its impact on HCWs' work-role functioning in two Singapore tertiary hospitals. HCWs over 21, having experienced ≥1 COVID-19 infection, participated in an online survey. Long COVID, defined by NICE criteria, entailed symptoms persisting for 4 or more weeks. Work-related functioning was assessed using WRFQv2.0. Descriptive analyses were conducted using STATA software. Results Out of 15,882 eligible participants, 573 responded (3.6% response rate). Long COVID prevalence (symptoms persisting for ≥4 weeks) was 47.5%, notably higher among younger HCWs (<40 years old), those with moderate/severe infections, and multiple infections. HCWs with Long COVID had significantly lower WRFQv2.0 mean scores compared to those without (85.1 vs. 74.3, p < 0.05). Additionally, HCWs with symptoms for ≥12 weeks had significantly lower scores than those without Long COVID (85.6 vs. 74.3, p < 0.05). Conclusion This study underscores Long COVID's potential impact on HCWs' work role functioning, especially among those with prolonged symptoms. Tailored work adjustments are crucial for their successful return to pre-illness levels, highlighting the importance of addressing Long COVID in healthcare settings.

Purpose Symptoms from post COVID-19 condition (PCC) can impair functioning in working-age adults. However, there is uncertainty about the relationship between PCC and work outcomes. This study aimed to assess health-related adverse work outcomes in individuals with a PCC history compared with others who had COVID-19. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which participants in British Columbia (BC) completed an online questionnaire. Participants comprised adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR at least 2 years before questionnaire completion and were working age (18–64) at the time of infection. PCC status was determined by self-report. The health-related adverse work outcomes evaluated included change in occupation or employer, reduced workload, increased sick days compared with before COVID-19, early retirement and indefinite sick leave. Analyses were weighted to reflect the characteristics of individuals who had COVID-19 in BC. Propensity score overlap weighting was used to adjust for relevant sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results Among 1106 participants, 966 (87.3%) were employed when they contracted SARS-CoV-2 and included in analyses. Of these participants, 47.8% were female, the median age was 37 and 46.9% had a PCC history. Compared with other individuals who had COVID-19, those with a PCC history were more likely to have had a health-related adverse work outcome (46.5% vs 24.9%; adjusted OR (aOR) 2.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 4.0)) and reported a greater number of sick days in the first 2 years since contracting SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted mean difference 43 days (95% CI 20 to 65)). The risk of a health-related adverse work outcome was especially high in those with post-COVID-19 fatigue (aOR 4.6 (95% CI 2.7 to 7.9)), fever (aOR 4.0 (95% CI 1.7 to 9.6)), weakness (aOR 3.8 (95% CI 2.2 to 6.3)), palpitations (aOR 3.3 (95% CI 2.0 to 5.0)) and brain fog (aOR 3.2 (95% CI 2.0 to 5.0)). Conclusions PCC is associated with health-related adverse work outcomes. This is an important consideration for clinicians, employers and health system leaders.

Purpose Although the working population carries the greatest burden of long COVID, occupational and non-occupational factors of the condition have not yet been well documented in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate these factors. Methods A nationwide random sampling cross-sectional survey was conducted among the adult population in mainland France after the large Omicron waves in the autumn of 2022. Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) was defined according to the WHO. Associations of occupational and non-occupational factors with PCC were tested in a conceptual model accounting for the relationships between these factors and considering two control groups (previously infected participants without PCC and participants with no reported or diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection). Interactions between occupational and non-occupational factors were considered. Results The survey included 1131 working adults. PCC was positively associated with reported infection while providing care (prevalence ratio (PR)=2.06 (95% CI 1.08 to 3.94)), being in contact with a colleague (PR=1.61 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.48)) and increased workload (PR=2.85 (95% CI 1.12 to 7.24)), whereas it was negatively associated with reported infection while being in contact with the public or clients (PR=0.23 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.76)). Several non-occupational factors were associated with PCC: sex, household size, household financial satisfaction, number of pre-existing chronic conditions, anxiety, injury sequelae and perceived SARS-CoV-2 infection severity. No interactions were found between these factors. Conclusions Reducing the burden of long COVID in the working population requires public health strategies that consider a wide spectrum of factors, including work conditions in a broad sense. Specific attention should be given to the most vulnerable workers accumulating such factors.

Janvier 2025

Purpose Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) is emerging as a common and debilitating condition with few treatment options. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a brief outpatient rehabilitation program based on a cognitive and behavioral approach for patients with PCC. Methods Patients with mild to moderate PCC were randomized 1:1 to an established transdiagnostic rehabilitation program or care as usual at a single referral center recruiting from the region of the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority. Participants were followed up after treatment completion and 12 months after enrollment using participant-reported outcome measures. Data were collected from February 22, 2022, until April 15, 2024. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. The program consisted of 2 to 8 outpatient encounters with approximately 2 to 6 weeks between each encounter. The intervention was theoretically grounded in the cognitive activation theory of stress, and physicians and physiotherapists were trained in cognitive and behavioral approaches with targeted negative stimuli and response outcome expectancies being particularly important. Participant-reported physical function assessed by the Short-Form Health Survey 36 Physical Function Subscale (SF-36-PFS) served as the primary outcome. Secondary outcome measures were the remaining subscales of the SF-36, return to work self-efficacy and symptom scores on fatigue, postexertional malaise, breathlessness, cognitive difficulties, sleep problems, anxiety and depression symptoms, and smell and taste abnormalities. Safety measures included primary health care contacts; hospital admissions; initiation of pharmacologic and/or nonpharmacologic therapy; occurrence of novel disease, illness, or other health problems; worsening of selected key symptoms; working abilities; and thoughts of suicide. Results A total of 473 patients with mild to moderate PCC were assessed for eligibility (n = 364 physician referred; n = 109 self-referred); 314 were included (225 females [72%]; mean [SD] age, 43 [12] years) and 231 completed the primary end point evaluation. The SF-36-PFS scores improved statistically and clinically significantly in the intervention group (score difference between groups, 9.2; 95% CI, 4.3-14.2; P < .001; Cohen d = 0.43; intention-to-treat analysis). The effect was sustained over time. Most secondary and safety measures favored the intervention. Conclusions In this randomized clinical trial, a brief outpatient rehabilitation program with a cognitive and behavioral approach in patients with PCC was effective and safe. This trial adds to the evidence supporting such interventions in routine clinical care. Future research should investigate which elements of this approach are the most effective and identify subgroups for which the current treatment is most relevant.

Purpose The severe functional impact of long COVID presents a significant challenge for clients seeking to return to work. Despite emerging clinical management guidelines, long COVID remains a concern in the rehabilitation field. There is a need to establish optimal practices for sustainable rehabilitation paths that enhance the recovery of clients with long COVID, all while understanding the challenges faced by rehabilitation professionals working with this population. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of rehabilitation professionals intervening in long COVID rehabilitation with the goal of returning to work. Methods A qualitative study was conducted involving online semi-structured interviews with rehabilitation professionals in Quebec from public and private sectors across various regions who had experience treating individuals with long COVID. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis. Results Nine rehabilitation professionals participated in the study, yielding five themes: (a) reassessment of RTW goals; (b) education and self-management as primary interventions; (c) gradually reintegrating daily activities and life habits; (d) progression of interventions and dealing with post-exertional malaise (PEM); and (e) challenges in long COVID rehabilitation. Conclusion Education, gradual activation and self-management appear as central components in supporting patient recovery, however, achieving return to work remains challenging without proper accommodations.

Purpose Long Covid symptoms are known to have an impact on function, however, their effect on employment and the associated demographic and clinical factors are not well understood. Our objectives were (1) To compare changes in employment status between those with Long Covid and those who recovered from their Covid-19 infection; and (2) To identify demographic factors, clinical factors, and occupational skill level associated with decreased employment status in those with Long Covid. Methods We conducted an electronic survey (≥12 weeks post infection) with adult residents in Laval, Quebec, Canada who tested positive for Covid-19 between March 2020 and January 2022, regarding Long Covid symptoms and their functional impact. This analysis focuses on employment status: pre-covid, prior to infection, and current, and was recorded as full-time, part-time, or not working due to illness or for other reasons. Change in employment status was categorized as no decrease or decreased. Results Among 2764 respondents, 15.6% (95% CI: 13.3–17.9) with Long Covid (versus 5.4% (95% CI: 4.2–6.5) who recovered) experienced a decrease in employment (p < 0.001). Clinical factors associated with a decrease in employment include having been hospitalized for Covid-19, having ≥1 comorbid condition prior to infection, >12 months since infection, moderate to severe decline in physical and psychological health, and decline in global health. Demographic factors and occupational skill level were not associated with a change in employment. Conclusion Persons with Long Covid are more likely to experience a decrease in employment. Research is needed to determine whether rehabilitation for people with Long Covid could improve employment levels.

(Editorial) The COVID-19 pandemic has been described as a mass-disabling event and Long COVID continues to pose challenges for working age adults living with the condition. People living with Long COVID are often unable to perform regular work duties and require prolonged work accommodations. Symptoms of Long COVID are heterogeneous, fluctuating, and unpredictable, which poses challenges for workers, their employers, as well as workers’ compensation boards and private disability insurers. For this reason, a session was held at the 2nd Canadian Symposium on Long COVID related to work disability and return to work (RTW) in Long COVID. Participants included clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and people with lived experience of Long COVID who were invited to share perspectives. Barriers to RTW were discussed, alongside factors contributing to success and proposed solutions.<

© DeMars J, Durand-Moreau Q, Branton E, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Gross DP; participants of the 2024 Canadian Symposium on Long COVID Return to Work Session. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. 2025 Jan 29. doi: 10.1007/s10926-024-10267-y.

COVID longue

Janvier 2026

Post-Covid-19 symptoms, subjective work ability and sick leave 2 years after acute infection-results from a population-based long COVID study.

Occupational Physicians' Practices in Supporting Employees with Long COVID: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Décembre 2025

Patient and Professional Perspectives on Long COVID: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis.

Long COVID and work in the UK: challenges, support and perspectives.

Long COVID and its impact on healthcare worker's job performance. A qualitative study in Spain.

How a long COVID rehabilitation intervention works: refining its programme theory through a realist-informed qualitative study .

'Suck it up, keep going'? A critical disabilities analysis with strategic recommendations for supporting the wellbeing among people living with long COVID.

Novembre 2025

Work ability trajectories and sick leave in individuals with post COVID-19 condition: 3-year follow-up of a population-based cohort.

Octobre 2025

Return to work with long COVID: a rapid review of support and challenges.

Persistent obstacles for return to work after COVID-19 infection - an explorative follow-up study in Sweden.

Return-to-work for people living with long COVID: A scoping review of interventions and recommendations.

Septembre 2025

Intersectionality and Long Covid: Understanding the Lived Experiences of Ethnic Minority Groups in the United Kingdom.

Functional impact of long COVID among healthcare workers with comorbidities in Quebec, Canada.

Juillet-août 2025

Facilitators and barriers for return to work among patients with post-COVID-19 condition: a qualitative interview study.

Systematic review of post-COVID condition in Nordic population-based registry studies.

Affection post-COVID-19 chez le personnel de la santé du Québec : impact fonctionnel. Phase 1 : mai-juillet 2023.

Juin 2025

Determinants of work ability among health and social services workers with work-related COVID-19 infection in Germany.

Mai 2025

Episodic disability and adjustments for work: the 'rehabilitative work' of returning to employment with Long Covid.

Long COVID: Worker Rehabilitation, Assessment of Work Ability and Return to Work Support.

Long COVID: Assessing Work Ability, Adapting the Workplace and Supporting Rehabilitation – A practical Short Guide for the Workplace.

Long COVID: identification and work ability assessment, workplace adaptation and rehabilitation. A practical short guide for occupational physicians.

Avril 2025

The role of occupational therapists in return-to-work practice for people with post-COVID condition: A scoping review.

The impact of long COVID on UK healthcare workers and their workplace: a qualitative study of healthcare workers with long COVID, their families, colleagues and managers.

Guidelines for a sustainable return to work with long COVID.

Multidisciplinary collaborative guidance on the assessment and treatment of patients with Long COVID: A compendium statement.

Février 2025

Assessing the impact of Long COVID on healthcare workers' work - role functioning in tertiary hospitals in Singapore.

Health-related adverse work outcomes associated with post COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional study.

Occupational and non-occupational factors of post-COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional survey in the French general working population.

Janvier 2025

Brief Outpatient Rehabilitation Program for Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Perspectives of Rehabilitation Professionals on Long COVID Interventions to Facilitate Return-to-Work.

Factors associated with changes in employment in individuals with long COVID.

Improving Occupational Rehabilitation for People Living with Long COVID.