Cancer

Janvier 2026

Purpose Work-related determinants of return to work (RTW) after breast cancer (BC) have been poorly studied. Methods We analysed data from 2095 patients with primary BC enrolled in the French multi-center prospective cohort CANTO between 2012 and 2018. We investigated the association between administrative, physical and psychosocial working conditions and RTW two years after diagnosis using Poisson regression with robust variance. All models were adjusted for age, education, having a partner or children, and clinical variables at diagnosis. Analyses stratified by education (up to/higher than high school) and by chemotherapy were conducted. Multiple imputations were performed. Results Having no weekly rest period of 48 consecutive hours (RR = 1.36 95% CI:1.09-1.81), strenuous work postures (RR = 1.48 95% CI:1.19-1.87) and shift work (RR = 1.40 95% CI:1.11-1.75) as well as low independence of decision making (RR = 1.33 95% CI:1.04-1.81) were associated with increased non-RTW. Not perceiving her own job as boring (RR = 0.61 95% CI:0.39-0.86) was associated with decreased non-RTW. Administrative working conditions did not impact RTW. Conclusion Working conditions emerged as potential levers to help women RTW. Our results underline the need for more targeted rehabilitation programs and personalized interventions to effectively help women in their RTW journey after BC.

© Ruiz de Azua G; Licaj I; Pinto S; Havas J; Di Meglio A; Vaz-Luis I; Pistilli B; Andre F; Martin AL; Everhard S; Jouannaud C; Fournier M; Rouanet P; Dhaini-Merimeche A; Sauterey B; Campone M; Tarpin C; Lerebours F; Dumas A; Menvielle G. British Journal of Cancer. 134(1):92-98, 2026 Jan.

Purpose The return to work (RTW) is critical for physical, psychosocial, and financial wellbeing and the normalization of breast cancer (BC) survivors. While research indicates that these survivors experience several barriers to the RTW after treatment, limited knowledge exists on preparing the RTW during treatment from women's perspectives. Objective: To explore the experiences of women with BC preparing their RTW during cancer treatment. Methods A qualitative, inductive study was performed and 21 BC survivors with experience from RTW were interviewed individually. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interviews. Results Most participants believed that their RTW would be unproblematic. They used all their energy to remain hopeful. Losing value as a human being and as an employee was a painful experience. The need for support to keep hope alive and nurture their feelings of value was described as crucial. Conclusions Feelings of hope and value were sustained through positive contact with the workplace, receipt of realistic information on the RTW, continuity of treatment and care, experiencing active listening from healthcare providers, and receipt of information about and coordination of support services.

Décembre 2025

Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) can affect return to work and sustained work participation. While employment rates have been studied, less is known about how survivors manage work demands after returning, despite frequent long-term symptoms. This study investigated work participation and perceived work functioning 12 and 24 months after surgery. Methods Data stemmed from a Danish late sequelae screening programme including CRC patients aged >=18 years who were affiliated with the labour market at diagnosis (2021-2024). Participants reported employment status, work role functioning, and work ability. Clinical data were retrieved from a national database. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for cancer type, sex, and age, assessed factors associated with work functioning. Results At 12 months (n = 474) and 24 months (n = 257), 76% and 78% were employed. Just over half reported high work role functioning, and the majority reported high work ability at both follow-up points. Bowel-related problems were associated with lower work role functioning (12 months: odds ratio [OR] 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20-0.62; 24 months: OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.86) and lower work ability (12 months: OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.15-0.46; 24 months: OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08-0.51). More advanced cancer stage was also linked to lower work ability. Conclusions Most survivors return to work within two years; however, persistent bowel-related problems are associated with reduced work functioning. Rehabilitation should address long-term symptoms to support sustained work participation.

Purpose This study aims to understand the workplace challenges cancer survivors face when they return to work, and to analyse what human resources management (HRM) professionals and line managers can do to protect and motivate these survivors. This article opens with a review of the literature on cancer survivors and work, from an HRM perspective. Methods A qualitative case study approach is adopted to understand the experiences of and challenges faced by cancer survivors returning to work and human resource (HR) managers' actions to address these challenges. Results This study enhances the HRM theory on cancer survivors returning to work by proposing a menu of suitable HRM practices. The article also highlights how acknowledging cancer survivors' talents and introducing an integration and learning perspective in organisations on how to manage this vulnerable group may reinforce an employment relationship of mutual investment aimed at sustainability. In addition, this study offers a sustainable career model for cancer survivors. Conclusions The outcomes of this research are translated into a set of sustainable HRM practices for cancer survivors (HR planning, job design, career development, compensation, performance evaluation and training), and guidance in the form of proposals for management and government agencies to regulate the experience of returning to work.

Novembre 2025

Purpose Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is frequently reported during cancer treatment, with 35% of patients experiencing cognitive issues even after treatment completion. Commonly reported impairments include difficulties with memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed, which often reduce daily functioning and quality of life (QoL). Despite its prevalence, CRCI remains underresearched across various cancer types, limiting understanding of the patient experience. This study aims to synthesize the qualitative evidence regarding the lived experience of CRCI across cancer types. It seeks to do so by exploring how commonly CRCI is subjectively experienced among cancer populations. It also aims to explore the cognitive domains perceived as most affected and the impact on QoL and functional ability. Methods We conducted a qualitative systematic review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. A comprehensive search across PubMed, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Scopus for studies published from 2013 through July 2025 was performed. Articles addressing the experience of CRCI using qualitative or mixed methods were included. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, with a third reviewer resolving conflicts during the inclusion process. Two reviewers piloted the data extraction process by discussing and selecting 10% of the studies. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used for data extraction and quality assessment. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The database search identified 11,269 papers; 51 were included for analysis. Breast cancer was the most represented cancer type (n=32). The analysis revealed 4 themes. "Cognitive challenges" explores the impacted cognitive domains such as memory, concentration, executive functions, language, and processing speed; "navigating employment" discusses challenges associated with return to work, support, and disclosure; "emotional, behavioral, and psychological impacts" explores emotional and psychological responses; and "support systems" emphasizes the role of social and health care support. CRCI negatively affects QoL and functional ability, and there is lack of understanding and resources in place to manage its effects. Conclusions This qualitative systematic review highlights the significant disruption of CRCI in daily life, stressing the need for increased awareness, standardized screening, and further research into digital interventions. Improved management of CRCI can support survivors of cancer in reintegrating into their daily lives and employment.

Purpose Depressive symptoms (DS) are common in patients with breast cancer (BC). Our aim was to assess the association between return-to-work (RTW) trajectories and DS in long-term BC survivors (BCS) (>= 5 years after diagnosis) in France. Methods The French population-based CONSTANCES cohort was linked to the national retirement insurance (CNAV) and national health insurance system (SNDS) databases. RTW trajectories were identified and categorized using the sequence analysis method and clustering. DS were assessed with the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. The association between RTW trajectories and DS was analyzed with adjusted logistic regressions and statistical analyses were stratified according to the time from BC diagnosis to CES-D completion (i.e. < 5 or >= 5 years after BC diagnosis). Results DS (CES-D score > 20) was observed in 22.7% in the < 5 years CES-D group and 20.2% in the >= 5 years CES-D group. Three RTW trajectory patterns were identified: sustainable RTW (n = 203), unemployment and work transitions (n = 138), and disability worker status (n = 83). Compared with the sustainable RTW group, DS risk was higher in the disability worker status group (< 5 years post-diagnosis: OR [95% CI]: 3.22 [1.46;7.17] and >= 5 years post-diagnosis: 3.88 [1.13; 14.1]) and in the unemployment and work transitions group (< 5 years post-diagnosis: OR [95% CI]: 1.68 [0.81; 3.49], not significant). In this group, risk decreased after 5 years (OR [95% CI]: 0.19 [0.03; 0.88]). Conclusion Returning to work or pursuing new professional opportunities after BC may reduce the risk of long-term DS.

Purpose Returning to work has been considered a significant indicator of cancer rehabilitation. Young and middle-aged head and neck cancer survivors face specific challenges during this process, yet their positive post-returning experiences remain underexplored. This study aimed to uncover these positive experiences to inform strategies for optimizing returning to work outcomes. Methods A qualitative study employing interpretive description methodology was conducted with 15 young and middle-aged head and neck cancer survivors who had returned to work from August 2023 to April 2024. Participants were invited to participate in face-to-face, individual, semi-structured interviews. We recruited the participants using convenience and snowball sampling from one tertiary comprehensive hospital in Shanghai, which also serves as the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases. Results Fifteen participants had a mean age of 43.7 (standard deviation[SD] = 6.7), and the average time from completion of surgery to return is 6 months (SD = 4.9). Interview data analysis indicated that the return to work provided positive experiences in three themes: (1) personal growth, (2) family dynamics, and (3) workplace engagement, with 10 sub-themes identified. Conclusions This qualitative study indicated that although HNC participants encountered challenges during the process of returning, RTW brought them positive experiences in personal growth, family dynamics, and work engagement. Implications for cancer survivors: It is essential that healthcare providers convey this perspective to patients and their families throughout the treatment and rehabilitation process. Multisectoral collaboration-integrating healthcare systems, workplaces, and social policies-is essential to sustain survivors' motivation and address systemic barriers during reintegration.

Purpose Return to work (RTW) is a goal of many patients with colorectal cancer (PwCRC) attending inpatient rehabilitation. In German rehabilitation clinics, physicians conduct the socio-medical assessment of work capacity (SMWC) with the aim of assessing the current ability to work. We tested how well it also predicts the actual RTW of PwCRC. Methods This study combined a nationwide physician survey (n = 38) with longitudinal data from a cohort study of PwCRC (n = 172) aged 65 or younger who were employed prior to CRC diagnosis. Physicians were asked about their use of validated tools for the SMWC and their attitudes toward a standardized assessment checklist. PwCRC completed baseline and 9-month follow-up questionnaires about their employment status. SMWC results of the cohort study's participants were extracted from rehabilitation discharge reports. Results While 97% of PwCRC were predicted to be capable of working ≥ 6 h/day, only 70% actually returned to work 9 months after rehabilitation. The SMWC showed high sensitivity (98%) but low specificity (6%) for predicting RTW, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of about 70%. Most physicians (73%) at least partly saw the need for an evidence-based structured checklist for an improved SMWC, and almost all (95%) would use it if it did not take more than 10 min to apply it. Conclusions The SMWC for PwCRC in German rehabilitation clinics is not standardized and overestimates the return-to-work rate. There is a need for a standardized checklist, and most physicians would be willing to use it.

Octobre 2025

Purpose To explore the experiences, barriers to, and facilitators of return to work and work performance of Chilean breast cancer survivors. Methods An exploratory qualitative study with thematic analysis with stage I-III breast cancer survivors treated at the National Cancer Institute, Chile. All had paid jobs prior to diagnosis and returned to work within a year after completing treatment. Semi-structured interviews explored barriers to, facilitators of, and experiences of patients' return to work and work performance. Results The mean age of the 15 participants was 49.4 years (25-59). Around 73.3% are in dependent employment, 40% have manual jobs, and 53.3% return to full-time work. Patients' experiences of returning to work were influenced by motivational factors, anxiety and fears, perception of health care, and coordinating job responsibilities with health care appointments. Barriers to returning to work were related to coping with physical changes and a distant relationship with the employer. Barriers to work performance were side effects of oncology treatments. Facilitators of return to work included support from mental health teams, a supportive network, enjoyment of work, positive coping style, and a close relationship with the employer. Good working environment and personal adjustments were mentioned as facilitators of work performance. Conclusions The findings suggest there is value in considering rehabilitative support as part of comprehensive, patient-centered cancer care for returning to work.

But L’après-cancer est une période impliquant de considérer différentes sphères de la vie, dont le retour au travail. Cependant, les croyances sur la maladie ou les émotions qu’elle suscite, peuvent freiner cette étape. Notre objectif était d’éclairer la façon dont les personnes malades se perçoivent à la reprise du travail, le rôle de la révélation du cancer sur leur bien-être et l’impact des croyances et émotions d’autrui sur les comportements de soutien. Méthodes Dans l’Étude 1, 221 personnes malades ont évalué leur perception de soi (SCM), leur bien-être (EMMBEP) et précisé comment la maladie avait été révélée au travail. Dans l’Étude 2, 158 participants tout-venant ont évalué leurs croyances sur la maladie (SCM), en y intégrant une analyse fine des dimensions (Big Two), les émotions et les comportements (BIAS Map). Les données ont été analysées via des analyses de variances et de médiations. Résultats Les personnes malades se perçoivent peu compétentes. Également, les personnes malades sont décrites comme plus courageuses, mais moins compétentes que les personnes en bonne santé. La perception de compétence est pourtant centrale, car elle explique la relation entre la possibilité de révéler sa maladie et le bien-être (Étude 1) et la perception de compétence augmentent les émotions positives et l’intention de soutenir les personnes malades (Étude 2). Conclusion La perception de compétence apparaît comme un levier, autant pour le bien-être des personnes que pour l’intention de les soutenir. Enfin, la possibilité d’évoquer soi-même sa maladie est un facteur favorable à cette perception.

Septembre 2025

Purpose As the most common cancer among women, returning to work has become a problem for breast cancer patients in the rehabilitation period. Objective: To explore in-depth the psychological changes that breast cancer patients undergo and the factors that hinder or facilitate their return to work after cancer treatment. Methods The study used a phenomenological approach and involved a sample of ten breast cancer patients who had returned to work or planned to return to work while on endocrine therapy or after completing all curative treatments. Results Two themes emerged from the interviews: (1) the mental journey of breast cancer patients when they returned to work, which involved three stages: avoiding returning to work, embracing reality and setting sail again, and grasping today and harvesting the future; (2) factors that affected breast cancer patients' return to work, including economic pressure, work stress, the patient's mindset towards their illness, pursuit of social values, and social support. Conclusions Based on these influencing factors, interventions should be developed to enable patients to maintain a positive and optimistic attitude during their rehabilitation process.

Juillet-août 2025

Purpose Increased cancer survivorship has prompted focus on optimising quality of life, including work reintegration. Despite frequently cited return-to-work barriers for women with breast cancer, there are no conclusive work-focused interventions for this cohort. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility and acceptability of a self-management intervention supporting return-to-work for women with breast cancer. Methods A mixed-methods single-arm feasibility study evaluated intervention feasibility. Participants completed an online occupational therapy-led 'Work and Cancer' intervention over 6 weeks. Feasibility was determined by recruitment, adherence, retention and acceptability. Acceptability was also assessed through semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results Ten out of twelve participants who were approached, participated in the study. Retention and adherence was 100% and 90%, respectively. Every participant completed pre- and post-measures. Qualitative data indicated online and group format as enablers to intervention completion and juggling employment as a barrier. Conclusion It is feasible to recruit and retain participants to the 'Work and Cancer' intervention which was widely accepted by women with breast cancer. Large-scale evaluation will determine intervention effectiveness on work and health-related outcomes.

Purpose To analyze facilitators and barriers affecting cancer survivors' return to work based on the views of survivors and various stakeholders, using the social ecological model. Methods Five electronic databases were searched in April 2025. Relevant studies and extracted data were selected by two researchers independently. Qualitative synthesis followed the Joanna Briggs Institute three-step process and drew on the five interrelated layers of the social ecological model. Results Of 5535 initial studies, 13 qualitative studies were included. Intrapersonal factors consisted of personal characteristics, disease diagnosis, post-treatment physical symptoms, post-treatment emotional states, the perceived impacts of the disease and treatments on work, understanding of and attitudes toward work, and strategies for coping with return-to-work issues. Interpersonal factors included the opinions of employers and interpersonal relations at work, as well as interpersonal support. Organizational factors consisted of occupational return-to-work arrangements and occupational support. Community factors included community support and public cognition and atmosphere. Public policy factors included the dissemination of related policies, the deficiency of related legislation, and the impacts and implementation criteria of welfare policies. The differences between cancer survivors' and stakeholders' perspectives were compared. Conclusions Multiple factors directly or indirectly influence cancer survivors' return-to-work decisions and experience. Cancer survivors should develop their awareness and learn more strategies in dealing with return-to-work problems. Stakeholders should care about the health status of cancer survivors, offering increased understanding and collaboration. Further studies should explore the relationships among the factors. Multi-component interventions are recommended to address return-to-work issues.

Purpose Workplace accommodations play a crucial role in supporting cancer survivors' return to work. Understanding the available evidence on these accommodations can inform policies and practices that enhance workforce reintegration. This systematic review aims to map and synthesize evidence on workplace accommodations for cancer survivors, addressing the research question: How does the literature report accommodations in the workplace for cancer survivors? Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the Journal of Cancer Survivorship, identifying 372 articles published between 2012 and 2022. Studies included were peer-reviewed, focused on return-to-work accommodations for cancer survivors, available in Portuguese or English, and accessible online. The review analyzed studies involving men and women aged 15 or older with various cancer types. Results After applying inclusion criteria, 31 articles were analyzed. Research activity peaked in two specific years, but publications were consistent throughout the period. The reviewed studies employed diverse methodologies, including literature reviews, qualitative, mixed-methods, and quantitative approaches. Workplace accommodations were categorized into key themes: organizational changes, environmental support, public and company policies, employer and employee education, comprehensive multidisciplinary support, and communication strategies. Conclusions The findings emphasize the significance of organizational changes in facilitating cancer survivors' return to work. Robust public policies, inclusive workplace environments, and effective communication are essential for sustainable reintegration. Employer commitment and multidisciplinary support play critical roles in ensuring long-term success.

Purpose Nurses spend their careers focused on caring for others. However, they may face the challenges of a serious illness and return to their professional roles, and their unique insights and experiences have not been sufficiently reported in existing research. The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' experiences of returning to work following a cancer diagnosis and treatments. Methods A qualitative descriptive method was used in this study. This study involved participants from various hospitals across four provinces in China. A total of 25 qualified staff nurses diagnosed with cancer and currently working in hospitals were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Analysis was completed using qualitative content analysis. Results Experiences of returning to work among nurses with a diagnosis of cancer can be grouped under three themes: (1) holistically adjusting to work, (2) controlling cancer-related disclosure, and (3) transformation in attitudes toward caregiving. Conclusions The experiences of nurses diagnosed with cancer who return to work, highlighting the need for timely physical and psychological support, workload adjustments, and job transition assistance.

Purpose Thirty-six percent of new cancer diagnoses in Europe in 2022 affected people of working age, potentially leading to substantial changes in their working lives, such as a withdrawal from work. Successful return to work has been found to be associated with several predictive factors, including health and social-system factors. The present study aimed to identify which policies and practices are in place on the health and social-system level to help cancer survivors return to work in selected European countries. Methods The present research project followed a qualitative approach. Return-to-work processes were assessed with experts from European countries, using a semistructured guideline. Processes were systematically assessed along the patient pathway using a prestructured grid. Two researchers then examined the grid independently and classified the processes into different approaches. Results Experts from eight countries were recruited (from Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Ireland, Spain, Cyprus, Luxembourg). The results show "comprehensive" return-to-work approaches in Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Ireland and Finland, "stepwise" approaches in Luxembourg and Spain, and an "ad-hoc" approach in Cyprus. We identified particular gaps in the provision of care in rural regions and for self-employed cancer survivors or cancer survivors who were already unemployed at the time of diagnosis. Assessment along the patient pathway revealed that return-to-work processes are unstructured, with varying contact persons in most of the European countries represented, making it difficult for cancer survivors to navigate. Conclusion In summary, the processes involved in cancer survivors' return to work vary along the patient pathway across European countries. Typically, these processes are not structured in a patient-friendly way, and successful uptake of available services depends on the patient's own initiative and willingness on the part of care professionals. Return-to-work processes for cancer survivors vary in European countries to an extent that is in conflict with European Union policy aims.

Purpose Return-to-work rates among working-age cancer survivors present a complex challenge, varying by cancer type and individual characteristics. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors influencing return to work in cancer survivors. Methods A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases in December 2024 used keywords based on the Population, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes framework to identify relevant studies. Study quality was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute tools and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024596102). Results Twenty studies were selected. Identified factors included sociodemographic: older age, educational level, marital status and sex; clinical: aggressive treatments, comorbidities and physical sequelae; psychological: anxiety, stress, fear of relapse and social support; occupational: flexible work schedules and tasks versus rigid conditions. Conclusions Multiple factors influence return-to-work outcomes for cancer survivors. Individualised intervention programmes addressing specific patient needs and fostering adapted work environments are essential to promote successful reintegration.

© Lopez-Faneca L; Ruiz-Frutos C; Gomez-Salgado J; Fagundo-Rivera J; Palomo-Gomez R; Allande-Cusso R; Ruger-Navarrete A; Macias-Toronjo I; Garcia-Iglesias JJ. Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2025 Aug 12.

Juin 2025

Purpose Aftercare for curatively treated breast cancer patients includes support and information provision. As patients differ in their needs, personalization of aftercare is advocated, but clear guidelines on how to achieve personalization are currently missing. This study investigates patients' preferences regarding assessment of care needs and information provision. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 breast cancer patients (15 female, 3 male) who received aftercare for at least three months in five Dutch hospitals. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Several patients perceived current aftercare as too intensive or too little, therefore they preferred to discuss their needs beforehand with their health care provider to align aftercare with their needs. Patients preferred more attention to needs on the domains of social and emotional wellbeing and return to work. Patients preferred a comprehensive resource of information on potential (late) effects of cancer and its treatment and of available support options, enabling them to self-manage the dosage and timing of desired information. Patients had positive expectations about an aftercare plan, as it would provide a better overview of their care needs, support options and agreements about the aftercare trajectory. Conclusions To facilitate personalization in aftercare, information and care needs should be better addressed and summarized in an aftercare plan. Patients and healthcare practitioners should create the aftercare plan together in shared decision-making. A supporting tool is needed to improve assessment of care needs on multiple domains, to provide layered information and facilitate use of aftercare plans.

Mai 2025

Purpose Breast cancer survivors face employment challenges. How to promote BC's return to work is important for improving their quality of life and promoting recovery. Numerous studies have reported that BC survivors encounter employment challenges due to cognitive limitations, alongside factors. Healthcare Professional has a good educational background and a good cognitive level and is also the closest combination of sociocultural tradition and healthcare systems, however, there is a lack of studies on their experience as BC survivors. Methods A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to investigate the experiences of healthcare professionals returning to work following breast cancer diagnosis. 20 doctors and nurses were interviewed face-to-face with a semi-structured interview guide in three municipal hospitals. Results Four major themes and corresponding sub-themes were extracted from the collected data as follows: (1) Return to Work: Willingness and Conflicts; (2) Cancer Progression Anxiety; (3) Physical and Mental Re-Awareness, including (1) Decreased Physical Ability, (2) Frustration and Diminished Self-Esteem; 4. Reflection and Re-planning, including (1) Past Self-Questioning, (2) Active Life Re-planning, (3) Revitalizing Life's Value, and (4) Career Changes: Coping and Adapting. Conclusions This study revealed a positive reintegration into the workforce among participants in China's healthcare professionals with a notably advanced medical understanding. It implies that, for BC survivors, a combination of rich medical knowledge, a stable work environment, substantial income, and robust support from colleagues and superiors play a positive role in enhancing their adaptability post a breast cancer diagnosis. Additionally, interviewees expressed guilt during sick leave, it was suggested that hospitals implement comprehensive support mechanisms related to leave, acknowledging the imperative need for adequate rest during the treatment period.

Purpose As new cases of differentiated thyroid cancer become younger and survival rates improve, young and middle-aged patients have become the main population with the disease. Therefore, most patients are in the developmental stage of work. Returning to work after cancer treatment has become common. Objective: To explore the perceptions and experiences of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer about continuing to work after cancer. Methods Using the descriptive phenomenological research method, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who entered the follow-up period, and the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method and managed with the help of Nvivo 11. Results The themes of work experience are as follows: necessary reasons for continuing to work: survival needs, supporting family, work for recovery; negative effects of disease in work status: distressing cancer symptoms, fear of disease recurrence, difficult choice between health and future, labeling of cancer patients; support and coping: family support, social support, professional information support. Conclusions Economic factors play an important role in differentiated thyroid cancer survivors' choice to continue working. Patients who are currently in a work status have some distress, but to some extent, the work status facilitates survival and treatment. Multidisciplinary and individualized medical interventions, as well as employer and policy support, can help to mitigate the harm caused by cancer diagnosis and treatment and promote patients' continued work and improved quality of life.

Purpose This longitudinal study aimed to examine the relationship between return-to-work self-efficacy (RTW-SE), anxiety, and depression in patients with renal cancer. Methods A total of 282 patients with renal cancer from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were recruited between April and December 2022. Patients were assessed at one month (T1), three months (T2), and six months (T3) after surgery using a general information questionnaire, Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD- 7), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ- 9). Results RTW-SE progressively increased over time, while anxiety and depression scores showed a decreasing trend. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between RTW-SE and both anxiety and depression at all three-time points. Cross-lagged analysis demonstrated that RTW-SE at T1 significantly predicted depression at T2 (beta = - 0.066, P < 0.001), whereas RTW-SE at T2 significantly predicted both anxiety (beta = - 0.177, P < 0.001) and depression (beta = - 0.077, P < 0.001) at T3. Conclusion Higher RTW-SE scores were associated with lower levels of post-surgery anxiety and depression. These findings highlight the importance of systematic RTW-SE assessments and early interventions to enhance work reintegration and psychological well-being. Incorporating RTW-SE monitoring into postoperative care plans may help to identify high-risk patients and facilitate timely psychological and vocational support.

Purpose The aim of this research was to examine the feasibility and effects of the "Rebuilding Myself" intervention to enhance adaptability of cancer patients to return to work. Methods A randomized controlled trial with a two-arm, single-blind design was employed. The control group received usual care, whereas the intervention group received "Rebuilding Myself" interventions. The effects were evaluated before the intervention, mid-intervention, and post-intervention. The outcomes were the adaptability to return to work, self-efficacy of returning to work, mental resilience, quality of life, and work ability. Results The results showed a recruitment rate of 73.17%, a retention rate of 80%. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in cancer patients' adaptability to return to work, self-efficacy to return to work, mental resilience, and the dimension of bodily function, emotional function, fatigue, insomnia, and general health of quality of life. Conclusion "Rebuilding Myself" intervention was proven to be feasible and can initially improve cancer patients' adaptability to return to work. The intervention will help provide a new direction for clinicians and cancer patients to return to work.

Purpose Recent systematic reviews report a limited number of return-to-work (RTW) interventions for individuals touched by cancer (ITBC), with many falling short in effectiveness and lacking an integrated work-health approach. In response, iCanWork-a theoretically informed, multidisciplinary RTW intervention integrating vocational rehabilitation (VR) and occupational therapy (OT)-was conceptualized and developed to address the gap identified in recent reviews for robust, work-health-focused RTW interventions. Methods A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary work-related outcomes of the iCanWork intervention among 23 ITBC participants randomized to either the intervention or control group. Feasibility was assessed through recruitment, retention, and engagement benchmarks; acceptability was measured using a participant satisfaction survey. Preliminary work-health-related outcomes included RTW status, work ability index (WAI) scores, and health-related quality of life (QoL) domains. Results Feasibility benchmarks were achieved, with 92% recruitment, 83% retention, and 100% completing at least one VR session. Adherence to the session delivery benchmarks was met by 75% of participants before RTW and 41.7% after RTW. Participants rated the intervention highly for its tailored and supportive approach. Compared to the control group, the iCanWork group showed modest improvements in RTW status, WAI scores (mean change: +2.54), and QoL domains, including fatigue, social roles, and pain interference. Given the small sample size, these exploratory findings should be interpreted as preliminary signals to inform outcome selection for a future trial. Conclusions iCanWork is a feasible and acceptable RTW intervention for ITBC with early indications of benefit. These findings inform the design and outcome selection for a future, larger trial aimed at evaluating the intervention's potential to improve RTW outcomes for ITBC.

Purpose Head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors may face several challenges when returning to work. Although there are some qualitative studies on the return-to-work experiences of HNC survivors, a comprehensive review of these studies is lacking. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the emotions, experiences, and needs of HNC survivors returning to work. Methods This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement of systematic reviews. Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and APA PsycInfo were searched from inception to December 2023 to identify qualitative studies on the emotions and experiences of HNC survivors returning to work. The quality of the included studies was independently assessed by two investigators using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Qualitative Research (2016). Results Eleven studies were included in this review. A total of 54 key findings were extracted and synthesized into three overarching themes and 10 subthemes: stress perception, regulatory mechanisms, and external support. Conclusion HNC survivors faced many challenges in returning to work, including symptomatic burden and psychological challenges. Efforts should focus on enhancing symptom management, addressing psychological well-being, and strengthening social support systems. Additionally, targeted interventions and support strategies should be developed to facilitate the timely reintegration of HNC survivors into the workplace.

Purpose The transition back to work after cancer is a significant milestone for many survivors, affecting their financial stability, psychological well-being and overall quality of life. Return-to-work (RTW) process is often complicated by lingering physical and cognitive impairments, changes in self-identity and workplace dynamics. Understanding how cancer survivors navigate this process is crucial for the development of effective support systems. This study aimed to explore strategies employed by cancer survivors in managing the RTW process. Methods This study employed a qualitative content analysis approach to explore RTW strategies used by cancer survivors. The study was conducted at a referral cancer centre and the workplaces of cancer survivors located in East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 22 cancer survivors were selected using purposive sampling. These participants had completed primary cancer treatment and had rich and diverse RTW-related experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and then analysed using the inductive content analysis approach described by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). Results 'Active Strategies for Returning to Work' constituted the main theme and consisted of three categories, including assessing the situation, self-accommodation and impressing the workplace. Conclusions Cancer survivors actively engaged in RTW. They evaluate their situations before returning to work, seek to accommodate themselves to their circumstances and impress their workplaces to gain the necessary support. Healthcare providers, employers and families, as the most influential parties in the RTW process of cancer survivors, should recognise survivors' positive strategies and provide informational, financial, emotional and occupational support.

Avril 2025

Purpose Advanced cancer treatments have led to more people wanting to return to work but are unable. Occupational therapists have the skills to address impaired person and environmental factors delaying return to work. Objective: Describe a three-phase occupational therapy return-to-work intervention based on the Person-Environment-Occupation Performance (PEOP) model. Methods Design: Case series. Setting: Outpatient clinic. Participants: Adults with brain cancer (N = 3) who completed or were undergoing cancer treatment and wanted to return to work. Intervention: We evaluated a three-phase occupational therapy approach focusing on restoring self-care skills and advocacy (Phase 1), understanding job demands and developing prework skills (Phase 2), and providing return-to-work support (Phase 3). Outcomes and measures: Employment status was based on patient self-report. Pre- and postintervention measurements were the 10-item Weekly Calendar Planning Activity; five times sit-to-stand test; Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination; Trail Making Test, Dynavision D2 Vision Training System assessment, Bell's Test, and peripheral vision screen. Results Each patient returned to work and demonstrated improvements in cognition, physical, mobility, and work-related skills. One transitioned from work to permanent disability after working 8 mo. Conclusions The three-phase occupational therapy approach, based on the PEOP model, considers cognitive and physical impairments and environmental and occupational demands to support persons with brain cancer return to work. The findings provide preliminary support for occupational therapy's involvement within the cancer care continuum to support return to work.

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the process of an online cognitive rehabilitation program aimed at supporting cancer survivors experiencing cognitive problems at work. Methods Cancer survivors (N = 279) were randomized to one of the intervention groups (ie, basic and extensive online cognitive rehabilitation) or waitlist control group. Recruitment, reach, dosage, implementation, perceived usefulness, and experiences with the program were evaluated using questionnaires and logbooks. Results Implementation (ie, reach multiplied by dosage) was acceptable for both versions of the program (range 63%-76%). Cancer survivors and cognitive therapists perceived the overall program as moderately to highly useful and generally reported positive experiences. Conclusions Both a basic and extensive versions of the online cognitive rehabilitation program were successfully implemented in the context of a randomized controlled trial, suggesting their feasibility as intervention to support cancer survivors with cognitive problems at work.

Purpose Returning to work (RTW) is a crucial aspect of recovery for patients with breast cancer (BC), which indicates restored normalcy, financial stability, functional abilities, and an improved quality of life. However, associated factors related to not RTW among patients with BC remain unclear. In this study, we examined associated factors of not RTW among patients with BC. Methods A cross-sectional study and convenience sampling were conducted in two hospitals in Indonesia to recruit eligible participants. Factors related to not RTW were collected and included symptoms of distress, loneliness, anxiety/depression, perceived social support, and frailty. A logistic regression model was performed to explore associated factors of not RTW. Results In total, 250 patients with BC were included in this study, and 148 of them experienced not RTW. Anxiety, loneliness, frailty, and social support emerged as significant factors associated with not RTW. BC patients who had a higher anxiety level (odds ratio [OR]: 5.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.16, 12.98]), had high loneliness (OR: 3.15, 95% CI [1.29, 7.67]), or were frail (OR: 2.53; 95% CI [1.07, 5.98]) had a higher risk of not RTW. BC patients with lower social support (OR: 5.65; 95% CI [1.81, 17.63]) had a higher risk of not RTW. Conclusion Occupational health professionals can offer early counseling, health education, and support strategies to patients with BC, assisting their preparations in terms of both physical and psychological functions for successfully RTW.

Purpose Healthcare professionals represent a major group among the patients diagnosed with lung cancer. The objective of this research is to explore the real experience of healthcare workers after being diagnosed with lung cancer to provide a reference for clinical intervention. Methods Patients were recruited at Xiangyang Central Hospital from February 2020 to October 2023 using purposive sampling to select the subjects. The data was analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step analysis after conducting semi-structured interviews utilizing phenomenological methodologies. Results Out of the 26 eligible patients, 24 received an invitation, and 21 consented to participate in the study. Finally, 18 patients completed the interview process. Four categories and nine themes were identified: (1) psychological experience(denial and doubt, anger and complaints, grief, and grievance); (2) therapeutic experience(difficulty in choosing treatment modalities and worry about the treatment); (3) coping experience(respond positively and poor role reversal); and (4) work experience (disease attributed to work and concerns about returning to work). Conclusions These findings significantly contribute to comprehending the emotions experienced by medical practitioners with lung cancer. Medical practitioners who have been diagnosed with lung cancer undergo intricate psychological experiences. To offer effective assistance, customized support can be provided by facilitating role changes, improving the shift system and the establishing a safe working environment in clinical work.

Purpose Nurse cancer survivors (NCSs) face significant challenges in adapting to returning to work (RTW) and require special attention and support. Little is known about the meaning NCSs attribute to their work, the changes in their personal feelings, and their needs in coping with these changes after RTW. This interpretive phenomenological study aimed to explore NCSs' feelings and experiences after RTW in greater depth to help improve their quality of working life (QWL). Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 NCSs in China between March 2023 and August 2023. The transcripts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results The data was categorized into four themes: (1) psychological odyssey, (2) accessing social support, (3) benefiting from professional background, and (4) realization of professional values. Conclusion This study uses IPA to explore the work experiences of NCSs and ways to improve their QWL. It is recommended that managers pay attention to the psychology of their RTW, enhance support, encourage the use of professional strengths, and value their insights and professional development.

Mars 2025

Purpose The aim of this study was to explore women's experiences of working and returning to work while coping with cancer. Methods Participants were ten Israeli women with cancer who had an active career at the time of diagnosis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and thematically analyzed. Results Four themes were generated. The first was "the meaning of work prior to the diagnosis": participants shared their perspective on the significance of work in their life prior to being diagnosed with cancer-work was construed as either time-consuming, a source for socializing, or a source for meaning and self-worth. The second was "the diagnosis of cancer and work": participants held the belief that either the cancer was caused by work or that the cancer halted their careers, in some cases both applied. The third was "the combination of work and cancer treatments": participants described severe physical, cognitive, and emotional challenges they faced, and how these affected their ability to balance work with receiving treatments. The fourth was "returning to work after cancer": participants found themselves having to balance preventative and rehabilitative care with career demands, employer expectations, and general work-life balance adjustments. Conclusion Findings suggest that healthcare professionals should assess individual perspectives and capabilities prior to returning to work and elucidate opportunities and challenges that cancer survivors may meet. Findings also reaffirm the need for formal workplace education and policies to combat discrimination and tailored return to work opportunities to survivors. Implications for cancer survivors: Women's experiences of working while coping with cancer were thematically analyzed. These women face many challenges in the context of returning to work. Findings suggest that returning to work could be facilitated by healthcare professionals and employers through communication and tailored workplace policies.

Purpose This study aimed to develop a smartphone mobile application-based supportive return to work (RTW) program for cancer survivors and evaluate its effects on their RTW, fatigue, stress, and quality of working life. This program was developed through a comprehensive process involving literature review, interviews with cancer survivors, and consultations with experts. Methods A non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design was used, with 41 participants assigned to the experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 23) groups based on recruitment timing. The experimental group received a 6-week smartphone mobile application-based supportive RTW program comprising "Counseling and Education" and "Self-Management." Participants completed assessments of decent RTW, fatigue, stress, and quality of working life at baseline and 6 months later. The experimental group completed an additional post-program completion survey. Results During the 6-week program, no experimental group participants dropped out. The program's impact on decent RTW remains unclear. Fatigue (F = 2.52, p = 0.095) and quality of working life (F = 0.86, p = 0.434) did not show statistically significant differences. However, there was a significant reduction in stress (F = 4.59, p = 0.017). Conclusion The smartphone application-based RTW program, focusing on self-management and counseling, effectively reduced participants' stress levels. To further evaluate the effectiveness of the program, a more diverse range of interventions and ongoing programs should be implemented. Implications for cancer suvivors: This study underscores the importance of tailored digital interventions to support the RTW of cancer survivors. The use of mobile smartphone applications allows temporal and spatial flexibility in program participation. Interventions involving various activities should be implemented to ensure ongoing participation.

Purpose Returning to and sustaining employment after cancer presents significant challenges for individuals touched by cancer (ITBC). While vocational rehabilitation and workplace accommodations are critical, existing return to work (RTW) assessments lack cancer-specific considerations, limiting their clinical and occupational utility. This study aimed to develop and validate the Cancer and Work Scale (CAWSE), a psychometrically robust tool designed to assess RTW likelihood and employment sustainability among ITBC, while also providing avenues for targeted interventions. Methods A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted. Study I (n = 130) assessed content validity and construct development, leading to a refined 43-item CAWSE. Study II (n = 216) employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to establish structural validity, reliability, and responsiveness. Additional validation included correlations with fatigue, cognitive difficulties, depression, and anxiety. Results Factor analysis supported a seven-factor structure with 31 final items. The CAWSE demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha = 0.787), construct validity, and moderate responsiveness (AUC = 0.659). High sensitivity allowed for accurate identification of RTW difficulties, with an established cut-off score of 123.5 on the total CAWSE. Conclusions The CAWSE fills a critical gap in oncology-specific vocational rehabilitation, offering healthcare providers a validated tool for targeted interventions to enhance RTW outcomes and long-term employment sustainability for ITBC.

Février 2025

Purpose This study investigates the relationships between breast cancer survivors' return to work, health literacy, and cancer recurrence fear. By employing structural equation modeling, we examine the mediating effect of health literacy on the interplay between cancer recurrence fear and the ability to return to work. Methods We conducted a survey involving 190 breast cancer survivors, utilizing a general information questionnaire, the Concern About Recurrence Scale, and the Health Literacy Management Scale. Results Our findings indicate that only 54.2% of the participants successfully returned to work. Notably, health literacy was positively correlated with return to work (r=0.315, p<0.001), whereas fear of cancer recurrence was negatively correlated (r=-0.268, p<0.001). The mediation effect model demonstrated a good fit, confirming that health literacy partially mediates the relationship between cancer recurrence fear and return to work (beta= -0.024, p< 0.001). Conclusion The findings highlight a concerning situation for breast cancer survivors regarding their return to work. Cancer recurrence fear significantly impacts their ability to re-enter the workforce, both directly and indirectly through health literacy. We recommend that healthcare providers focus on alleviating anxiety related to cancer recurrence and enhancing health literacy to support survivors in their reintegration into society.

Janvier 2025

Purpose Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (AYA-CS) face a long working life after treatment, yet factors related to a successful return to work remain largely unexplored. We therefore aimed to investigate the use of occupational adjustments and their impact on work ability upon return to work. Methods As part of the AYA-LE study, we surveyed AYA-CS (aged 18-39 at diagnosis) who returned to work and assessed work ability (Work Ability Index) as well as use and benefit of occupational adjustments. We analyzed predictors of use and benefit of occupational adjustments on average 4 years post-diagnosis using multivariate linear and logistic regression. Results Out of 438 AYA-CS, 389 (88.8%) returned to work after cancer diagnosis and were included in analyses. Mean work ability was M = 36.2 (SD = 6.9), 11.4% reported poor, 34.7% moderate, 41.4% good and 12.5% excellent work ability. Following treatment, 82.3% used occupational adjustments, most frequently: flexible working hours, gradual reintegration and reduced working hours. The probability of a reduction in working hours was found to be higher among older AYA-CS (>= 30), female gender and with a fatigue index >= 11 (R2 = 0.073). A fatigue index < 11, elevated levels of pain and the presence of metastases/recurrence were associated with a lower benefit of reduced working hours (R2 = 0.183). Younger age (< 30) and stem cell transplant were associated with a lower benefit of support from colleagues (R2 = 0.077). Conclusion Our results highlight the need for targeted occupational counselling throughout the treatment and even beyond the return-to-work process, considering individual and social factors.

Purpose Although many individuals return to work after cancer treatment, supports to facilitate this transition are ineffective or lacking. Transitions Theory can be useful to conceptually explain the transition back to work after cancer; however, no known studies have used Transitions Theory to empirically examine this transition. Objective: To explore how and why Transition Theory concepts can be used to understand individuals' transition back to work after cancer treatment. Methods Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, breast or colorectal cancer survivors who had returned to work completed questionnaires aligned with Transitions Theory concepts. Spearman correlations were used to explore associations, and significant results were used to draft interview questions. One-to-one telephone interviews with a subsample of participants provided elaborations to quantitative results. Qualitative data were analyzed using template analysis. Results Among the 23 participants who returned questionnaires, most identified as female (n = 21 [91%]) and had been back at work for 28.9 months (range, 3-60). The sample's productivity loss was 7.42%, indicating an incomplete mastery of their return to work. Only 2 significant associations were revealed with higher productivity loss: higher anxiety (r = 0.487, P = .019) and a greater number of unmet relational needs (r = 0.416, P = .048). Twelve participants engaged in interviews wherein explanations for quantitative results were uncovered. Conclusions To support a smoother transition back to work after cancer, assessment and interventions should focus on individuals' psychological well-being and relationship needs. Implications for practice: Transitions Theory can be useful in developing interventions to support a successful return to work after cancer.

Purpose We previously demonstrated positive effects on quality of life and mental health following breast cancer when comparing a nurse-led follow-up program without scheduled visits (MyHealth) to regular follow-up. This study aims to examine whether MyHealth also positively impacts self-reported work ability. Methods A total of 288 patients, potentially active on the labour market, were randomized to MyHealth or control follow-up after primary treatment for early-stage breast cancer (2017-2019). MyHealth included individual self-management sessions, electronic symptom monitoring, and assistance with navigating healthcare services. Control follow-up consisted of biannual outpatient visits with a physician. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to evaluate the effect of MyHealth on self-reported work ability at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after randomization as measured by the Work Ability Score (WAS). Results Work ability increased significantly in both groups during the first 6 months (mean WAS increase MyHealth: 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26; 2.02 and control: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.17; 1.97) and continued to increase slightly but non-significantly (p-values > 0.13) until end of follow-up at 36 months. Improvement was especially pronounced among patients reporting poor work ability at baseline. Differences in mean WAS between patients in MyHealth and control follow-up were non-significant and close to zero at all time points (-0.21 to 0.48). Conclusions The MyHealth follow-up program had no additional effect on self-reported work ability compared to regular follow-up. Future interventions should target patients with poor work ability and include components specifically designed to enhance work ability.

© Horsbol TA; Saltbaek L; Urhammer C; Karlsen RV; Johansen C; Bidstrup PE; Hoeg BL; Zoffmann V; Belmonte F; Andersen I; Friberg AS; Svendsen MN; Christensen HG; Glavicic V; Nielsen DL; Dalton SO. Acta Oncologica. 64:34-39, 2025 Jan 08.

Purpose To evaluate the process of an online cognitive rehabilitation program aimed at supporting cancer survivors experiencing cognitive problems at work. Methods Cancer survivors (n = 279) were randomized to one of the intervention groups (i.e., basic and extensive online cognitive rehabilitation) or waitlist control group. Recruitment, reach, dosage, implementation, perceived usefulness and experiences with the program were evaluated using questionnaires and logbooks. Results Implementation (i.e., reach multiplied by dosage) was acceptable for both versions of the program (range 63% to 76%). Cancer survivors and cognitive therapists perceived the overall program as moderately to highly useful and generally reported positive experiences. Conclusions Both a basic and extensive version of the online cognitive rehabilitation program were successfully implemented in the context of an RCT, suggesting their feasibility as intervention to support cancer survivors with cognitive problems at work.

Purpose Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) has been associated with various adverse work outcomes in quantitative research. However, there is limited understanding regarding how and why these outcomes arise for survivors experiencing fatigue. In response, this qualitative study explores survivors’ narrative accounts to understand relations between CRF and work outcomes. Methods Fourteen UK cancer survivors working when diagnosed with cancer were purposively recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Participants had either returned to work or were retired, on sick leave, or having a career break when interviewed. Data were thematically analysed with themes developed inductively. Results The analysis revealed four central themes, each with two sub-themes: (1) Work disruption, through absence and stopping work, (2) Fatigue impacting work ability, through symptoms leading participants to evaluate their work capacity, (3) Work factors impacting fatigue, through work demands and enablers, and (4) Support for workplace fatigue from employers and healthcare professionals. Conclusions CRF symptoms are severe and can have a prolonged impact on survivor work outcomes. Healthcare professionals should offer rehabilitation-based CRF advice, and employers should implement accommodations to support survivors’ work retention and rehabilitation. Person-centred research and practice are critical to understanding the relative importance of different individual factors impacting working survivors. Owing to the severity and prolonged impact of cancer-related fatigue symptoms, they should be a focus of rehabilitation to improve survivor work outcomes.

Décembre 2024

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the themes acting as barriers or facilitators, from diagnosis and sickness absence (SA) to RTW and work retention, after a cancer-related SA from the perspectives of all stakeholders in the Spanish setting. Methods Descriptive qualitative approach with a socio-constructivist perspective. Theoretical sampling was carried out until saturation. Six discussion groups (4-8 people/group) were conducted: three groups of people with a cancer-related SA in Catalonia (Spain), one with oncology care professionals, and two with company representatives. An additional individual interview was conducted with a primary care physician. The sessions were held virtually and were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis and mixed coding. Results Barriers to RTW and work retention detected by stakeholders included insufficient information and guidance on the impact of cancer on work and SA management, lack of general knowledge and recognition of side effects, lack of consideration of job tasks by medical tribunals, and working in precarious employment. Facilitators included workplace support, psycho-oncologists, patient associations, and working for a public company. Conclusions Both work interruption due to an SA and RTW, are key moments for determining cancer survivors' work retention. We found a general perception of lack of involvement of the social security system, companies, and health professionals in Spain in the impact of cancer on work.

Purpose Vocational rehabilitation plays a vital role in helping breast cancer survivors overcome physical, psychological, and occupational challenges, enabling a smoother return to work and improving quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vocational rehabilitation as part of early integrated rehabilitation compared to conventional rehabilitation on sick leave duration, work ability, and disability rates. Methods The study was designed as a prospective, interventional study. We enrolled 435 breast cancer patients, 211 patients in the control group, and 224 in the intervention group. The control group received the conventional rehabilitation as offered to breast cancer patients before the pilot study on individualized, integrated rehabilitation, while patients in the intervention group were referred for additional treatments and vocational rehabilitation. Results There were no differences between the control and the intervention group of patients in terms of patient demographics, tumor size, disease stage, or oncologic treatment. However, compared to the control group, the intervention group had 50 days shorter sick leave (p = 0.002), better work ability (p < 0.001), and a lower proportion of patients with disabilities (p < 0.001) and better work ability (p < 0.001) one year after the beginning of cancer treatment. Vocational rehabilitation was likely associated with shorter sick leave (p < 0.069). Conclusions Integrated rehabilitation was associated with shorter sick leave, and vocational rehabilitation was likely associated with shorter sick leave. Integrated rehabilitation was associated with improved work ability and disability rate.

Octobre 2024

Purpose Nurses diagnosed with cancer face unique challenges when returning to work, yet there is limited understanding of their transition. Objective: To explore nurses' return-to-work experiences post cancer diagnosis and clarify related facilitators and challenges. Methods This focus group study employed a content analysis with constant comparative approach and member checking. This study recruited nurses treated for any type of cancer who had experience returning to clinical positions. Results Five focus groups with 17 female nurses (mean age=51.8) were performed; 47.1% had breast cancer. Four main themes were identified: (a) motivation, incentives, and the need to return to work; (b) setbacks hindering the return; (c) navigating new work dynamics; and (d) evolving professional role during the return to work. Conclusions This study illustrates personal and professional growth and struggles that attend returning to work as a nurse with cancer. This insight informs strategies to support continuing these nurses' careers.

Septembre 2024

Purpose Breast cancer (BC) is the most common invasive neoplasm and affects many women of working age. The return to work (RTW) of female survivors (BCSs) is associated with a better quality of life and longer survival. Methods A tailored intervention to promote RTW was launched in 2022. A year later, the women were contacted to find out if RTW had occurred regularly and what their health conditions were compared to the baseline. Results BCSs reported excessive fatigue, poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and reduced work ability; these parameters had not improved significantly compared to the baseline. Thematic analysis of the interviews confirmed the presence of personal, company, and societal factors that could hinder or favor RTW. Conclusions The interviews demonstrated that, even in an economically developed country that has provided numerous benefits for BCSs, protection is not always effective. Personalized intervention seems necessary to complete the process of reintegrating BCSs into their future working careers.

Purpose The growing number of people diagnosed with a cancer of working age prompts us to explore the sustainability of their working conditions and avenues of intervention in their work situations to promote sustainable job retention in a context of work intensification. Methods Narrative review of the literature on people diagnosed with a cancer, their work situation, participation in the labour market, return to work (RTW) and sustainable employment. Results Transformations in the world of work are increasing the unpredictability and variability of work situations, making strategies for managing functional deficiencies after diagnosis of the disease more complex. Reinforcing socio-technical and organizational leeways (STOL), i.e. self-regulation capacities to cope with the demands of the work situation by deploying effective and healthy work strategies, implies optimizing the (external) resources available at the level of the work situation through ergonomic actions and/or improving individual (internal) resources through supportive care or rehabilitation and/or vocational training. Conclusion Interventions to help people diagnosed with a cancer to stay at work in the long term must give primacy to the accommodation of the work situation and identify the ergonomic levers for improving their STOL. [article en français]

Purpose Nearly half of patients diagnosed with cancer are in the middle of their traditional working age. The return to work after cancer entails challenges because of the cancer or treatments and associated with the workplace. The study aimed at providing more insight into the occupational outcomes encountered by workers with cancer and to provide interventions, programs, and practices to support their return to work. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping review guidelines. Relevant studies were systematically searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Grey literature from 01 January 2000 to 22 February 2024. Results The literature search generated 3,017 articles; 53 studies were considered eligible for this review. Most of the studies were longitudinal and conducted in Europe. Three macroarea were identified: studies on the impact of cancer on workers in terms of sick leave, employment, return to work, etc.; studies reporting wider issues that may affect workers, such as the compatibility of treatment and work and employment; studies reporting interventions or policies aiming to promote the return to work. Conclusion There is a lack in the literature in defining multidisciplinary interventions combining physical, psycho-behavioural, educational, and vocational components that could increase the return-to-work rates. Future studies should focus on interdisciplinary return to work efforts with multiple stakeholders with the involvement of an interdisciplinary teamwork (healthcare workers and employers) to combine these multidisciplinary interventions at the beginning of sick leave period.

Août 2024

Purpose To explore experiences of unemployed and/or work-disabled cancer survivors who have pursued to return to paid employment. Methods Four digital focus group interviews were conducted with 16 cancer survivors (< 10 years post-diagnosis) who have pursued to return to work within the last 2 years. Interview topics included motivations, facilitators of and barriers to job seeking, and returning to and maintaining paid employment. Interview audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using conventional content analyses. Results Participants were mostly female (94%), and the majority had successfully returned to paid employment (56%). Both intrinsic factors (e.g., sense of purpose, social interactions) and extrinsic factors (e.g., financial necessity) motivated their return to paid employment. During job seeking, participants experienced facilitators including support, personal qualities (e.g., life experience), and trial workplaces. Barriers included inadequate support, perceived employer discrimination, and work ability uncertainty. Returning to and maintaining employment was facilitated by flexible work, supportive colleagues, and intrinsic drive, while barriers included side effects (e.g., fatigue) and overly demanding work. Conclusions Unemployed and/or work-disabled cancer survivors are generally motivated to return to paid employment by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but uncertainty about their ability and inadequate support may hinder this. These findings highlight the need for trial workplaces, support during every phase of return to paid employment, and a flexible, supportive workplace.

Juin 2024

Purpose This study aims to investigate the Readiness for Return-to-Work (RRTW) of patients with head and neck tumours and to analyse the relationships among self-efficacy, disease uncertainty, psychosocial adaptation, and RRTW in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 259 HNC patients with a discharge length of >=1 month at a tertiary hospital in Liaoning Province. The research tools included a self-designed general information questionnaire, the Readiness for Return-to-Work (RRTW) Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), and the Self-Reporting Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR). Descriptive statistical analysis, the rank sum test, Spearman correlation analysis, and ordered multiple and dichotomous logistic regression analyses were used. Results The overall RRTW among HNC patients was low (41.9%). HNC patients who did not return to work were mainly in the precontemplation stage (38.1%) and contemplation stage (29.9%). HNC patients who returned to work were mainly in the active maintenance stage (64.2%). Children's status (OR = 0.218, 95% CI 0.068-0.703), self-efficacy (OR = 1.213, 95% CI 1.012-1.454), unpredictability (OR = 0.845, 95% CI 0.720-0.990), occupational environment (OR = 0.787, 95% CI 0.625-0.990), and family environment (OR = 0.798, 95% CI 0.643-0.990) influence the RRTW of HNC patients who have not returned to work. Educational level (OR = 62.196, 95% CI 63.307-68.567), children's status (OR = 0.058, 95% CI 1.004-2.547), self-efficacy (OR = 1.544, 95% CI 3.010-8.715), unpredictability (OR = 0.445, 95% CI 1.271-2.280), and psychological status (OR = 0.340, 95% CI 1.141-2.401) influence the RRTW of HNC patients who have returned to work. Conclusion Children's status, education level, self-efficacy, illness uncertainty, and psychosocial adjustment are crucial to RRTW. This study provides a theoretical basis for formulating intervention measures aimed at improving the RRTW of patients.

Purpose Of the 4.4 million people diagnosed with cancer in Europe each year, around 36% are of working age. Return-to-work rates vary across Europe. Work is important for the individual, as well as for society, and this review aims to provide an overview of the predictors for the return to work (RTW) process in European cancer survivors of working age. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted. The present review included quantitative and qualitative study designs published since 2013. Results In total, the review included 85 papers examining cancer survivors with various cancer diagnoses in 18 European countries. Identified predictive factors for RTW related to the social system, treatment, disease, health behavior, the individuals' psychosocial, work, and sociodemographic situations. Conclusions There is a need for a standardized definition and operationalization of RTW. Providers can use these results to identify survivors at risk and support cancer survivors in their RTW process.

Purpose Employers play an important role in the return-to-work (RTW) of cancer survivors (CSs), and recently a substantial number of qualitative studies from the employers' perspective have emerged. This meta-synthesis aims to systematically review these qualitative studies regarding employers' experiences with CSs' RTW. Methods Five electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2024 to identify the studies. Three researchers conducted quality assessment of included. Subsequent, we performed thematic integration of the included studies with the NVivo 11 software. Results Thirteen qualitative studies were included, and 16 topics were finally extracted and summarized into seven categories to form three integrated themes: employers' perspective on facilitators and obstacles for CSs' RTW, employers' response including negative emotion and positive behavior, and employers' need resources from different aspects. Conclusion CSs' RTW is influenced by many factors; the support employers need is also extensive and complex. Employers need more support beyond healthcare.

Mai 2024

Purpose Advancements in the field of oncology are allowing patients to live longer, with enhanced quality of life (QoL). Accordingly, more patients with cancer are expressing the desire to return to work (RTW). Previous research has indicated that patients with a rare or advanced cancer can experience unique problems in the RTW process. Methods This pilot study evaluated the outcomes and feasibility of the occupational care programme TERRA (i.e., recalibraTe lifE and woRk with and afteR cAncer) for patients with a rare or advanced cancer. Four rare cancer patients and 3 advanced cancer patients completed TERRA; a supportive occupational care programme consisting of five online group sessions over a two-month period. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes were collected using validated self-report questionnaires. The primary outcome was work ability. Secondary outcomes included QoL, anxiety and depression, fatigue, unmet needs, self-efficacy, readiness for RTW, work intention, work involvement, and work-life conflict. Feasibility was assessed using the RE-AIM model. Results Changes in work ability scores were inconsistent across participants. Well-being outcomes generally improved following the intervention. Feasibility was evaluated positively by both participants and trainers. Conclusion A multidisciplinary approach may further improve outcomes of occupational interventions supporting rare and advanced cancer patients. An effectiveness study to evaluate the outcomes and feasibility of the programme is deemed necessary.

Purpose Return to work (RTW) is important for quality of life after breast cancer but its analysis at the population-level remains limited in France. This study aimed to implement Electronic Healthcare Data (EHD)-based indicators and trajectories to measure RTW after breast cancer diagnosis, and to examine stakeholders' perspectives regarding these indicators. Methods We followed a mixed-methods approach that consisted of (i) implementing RTW indicators and identifying clusters of trajectories using state sequence analysis with data from a representative sample of the French National Health Data System and (ii) exploring, through qualitative focus group and interviews, stakeholders' perceptions on the interpretation, limitations, and utility of these indicators. Results We extracted data from 317 women aged 25-55 years with a first diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer. The median number of sickness absence periods was 2 for a total of 434 days during the 3-year follow-up, and the median time to sustainable RTW was 240 days. Three clusters of RTW trajectories were identified: "early RTW" (49.5% of the population), "RTW after partial resumption" (37.5%) and "continuous compensation" (12.9%). Feedback from stakeholders highlighted the multi-factorial nature of RTW and underscored the added value of EHD for studying RTW, despite certain limitations. Conclusions We demonstrated the feasibility of calculating RTW indicators and identifying trajectories using the French National Health Data System. These indicators can serve as outcome measures in RTW promotion and provide a basis for designing targeted interventions for breast cancer survivors.

Purpose To explore the effects of a 'Rebuilding Myself' intervention on enhancing the adaptability of cancer patients to return to work. Methods A single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial design was used. Eligible patients who were receiving routine hospital treatment were recruited from the university-affiliated hospital in our city. Patients in the control group only received usual care, while patients in the intervention group received additional 'Rebuilding Myself' intervention. Adaptability to return to work, self-efficacy of returning to work, mental resilience, quality of life and work ability were measured at baseline, the 6th and 12th of the intervention. The general estimation equations were used to compare the overall changes of each outcome index between the two groups at different time points. Considering that there may be patient shedding and rejection, Per-Protocol and Intention-to-Treat analysis were used to analyze the data in this study. Results There were statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in the cancer patients' adaptability to return to work, self-efficacy to return to work, mental resilience, work abilities, the physical, emotional, cognitive function, fatigue, insomnia and overall health status dimensions of quality of life (P < 0.05). And no significant difference was found in other dimensions (P > 0.05). The group effect, time effect, and interaction effect of patients' return to work adaptability and return to work self-efficacy were statistically significant in both groups (P < 0.05). Mental resilience, working ability, and quality of life had obvious time effect and interaction effect (P < 0.05). Conclusion This intervention could improve cancer patients' adaptability to return to work, self-efficacy to return to work, mental resilience, work abilities and quality of life. And it can be further expanded to improve the adaptability of patients to return to work, then to help patients achieve comprehensive rehabilitation. Implications for cancer survivors: The application of 'Rebuilding Myself' interventions can effectively improve the adaptability of cancer patients returning to work.

Purpose This study aimed to develop a smartphone mobile application-based supportive return to work (RTW) program for cancer survivors and evaluate its effects on their RTW, fatigue, stress, and quality of working life. This program was developed through a comprehensive process involving literature review, interviews with cancer survivors, and consultations with experts. Methods A non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design was used, with 41 participants assigned to the experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 23) groups based on recruitment timing. The experimental group received a 6-week smartphone mobile application-based supportive RTW program comprising "Counseling and Education" and "Self-Management." Participants completed assessments of decent RTW, fatigue, stress, and quality of working life at baseline and 6 months later. The experimental group completed an additional post-program completion survey. Results During the 6-week program, no experimental group participants dropped out. The program's impact on decent RTW remains unclear. Fatigue (F = 2.52, p = 0.095) and quality of working life (F = 0.86, p = 0.434) did not show statistically significant differences. However, there was a significant reduction in stress (F = 4.59, p = 0.017). Conclusion The smartphone application-based RTW program, focusing on self-management and counseling, effectively reduced participants' stress levels. To further evaluate the effectiveness of the program, a more diverse range of interventions and ongoing programs should be implemented. Implications for cancer survivors: This study underscores the importance of tailored digital interventions to support the RTW of cancer survivors. The use of mobile smartphone applications allows temporal and spatial flexibility in program participation. Interventions involving various activities should be implemented to ensure ongoing participation.

Purpose The present study aims to assess the efficacy of stage-matched, self-managed Return to Work (RTW) interventions in enhancing RTW outcomes among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Methods This trial, conducted in South Korea, enrolled 58 unemployed survivors of colorectal cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental group received a self-managed return-to-work intervention based on the trans-theoretical model, while the control group received an educational booklet. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months to measure changes in various factors including return-to-work status and HRQOL. Results In the experimental group, 28 participants were randomly assigned, while 30 individuals were allocated to the control group. The experimental group exhibited a higher proportion of individuals achieving RTW (64.5% vs 39.3%, p = 0.013) and demonstrated greater improvements in work ability (p = 0.001), RTW self-efficacy (p = 0.035), readiness for RTW in the prepared-for-action (p < 00.0001), uncertain maintenance (p = 0.033), and proactive maintenance (p < 00.0001) stages, quality of working life (p = 0.003), HRQOL (p < 0.05), and illness perception (p < 0.05) compared to the control group at the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions Stage-matched self-managed RTW interventions incorporating TTM principles may effectively enhance RTW outcomes and work ability among CRC survivors.

Avril 2024

Purpose Despite curative treatment and discharge from acute hospital settings, breast cancer patients often have cancer- and treatment-related morbidity which impairs them from returning to work. Hence, the role of community-based return to work rehabilitation programs is important to help these patients transition back to work. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study involving patients with breast cancer conducted at a community-based cancer rehabilitation center. Patients were involved in an interdisciplinary vocational rehabilitation program involving physiatrists, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and social workers. Results We recruited 63 patients for this study cohort, with 46 (73.0%) patients <= 60 years old. After undergoing the rehabilitation program, there were 37 (58.7%) participants who successfully returned to work. These participants returned to work at either within 6 months (27.0%), 12 months (29.7%) or 24 months (43.2%) after enrollment into the program, with a majority enrolling in white collar jobs. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that significant negative factors for return to work were advanced stage of cancer (p = 0.004), along with clinically significant fatigue, measured on the Brief Fatigue Inventory (p < 0.001). However, perceived work ability (p = 0.020) was found to be a positive factor.

Purpose Return to work (RTW) after breast cancer (BC) may significantly impact on women recovery and quality of life. Literature hightlighed several factors associated to RTW after BC but there is still some concern about prognostic factors influencing work resumption after BC treatments. The present study aims to explore which baseline factors are associated with RTW at 6-month after BC surgery. Methods The participants in this 6-month prospective study were 149 patients who underwent breast cancer-related surgery and accessed an Oncology Clinic for cancer therapy from March 2017 to December 2019 in Northern Italy. Participants filled in a battery of questionnaires at baseline, and they were asked whether they had returned to work at 6-month follow-up. Psychological measurements included job stress (Job Content Questionnaire), work engagement (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale), quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life- BREF), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), resilience (Connor - Davidson Resilience Scale - 10 item) and personal expectations about RTW (ad-hoc single item). Moreover, sociodemographic, clinical, and work-related data were collected. Independent t-test and Chi-square test were used for comparisons among variables; logistic regression model was used to explore predictors of RTW. Results A total of 73.9 percent returned to work at 6-month after surgery. In the multivariate model, chemotherapy (B = -1.428; SE = 0.520) and baseline women's expectations about their RTW (B = -0.340; DS = 0.156) were significant predictors of RTW. Conclusion These results suggest that careful individual clinical and psychological screening of risk factors at baseline can prevent from occupational disability and long sickness absence.

Purpose We aimed to describe the psychosocial adjustments according to return to work (RTW) trajectories in breast cancer survivors (BCS) using a sequential and temporal approach. Methods We used BCS data included from February 2015 to April 2016 in the Longitudinal Study on Behavioural, Economic and Sociological Changes after Cancer (ELCCA) cohort. RTW trajectories were identified using the sequence analysis method followed by a clustering. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the EORTC quality of life questionnaire was used at inclusion and all follow-up visits to assess Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Results Fifty-two BCS were included in the study among whom four clusters of RTW trajectories were identified and labeled: slow RTW (N = 10), quick RTW (N = 27), partial RTW (N = 8), and part-time work (N = 7). Quick and slow RTW clusters showed slightly lower baseline mean levels of anxiety and higher levels of HRQoL. In the 4 years following diagnosis, BCS in the quick RTW cluster tended to report higher HRQoL in terms of functioning and less symptoms of pain and fatigue while those in the partial RTW cluster showed a lower HRQoL on almost all dimensions. All clusters showed an increase in pain and fatigue symptoms until 6 months followed by a tendency to recover baseline levels. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that BCS who return to full-time work (slow and quick RTW patterns) recover better than patients who return to part-time work (partial and part-time RTW patterns).

Mars 2024

Purpose The existing studies among workers with a past cancer diagnosis have rarely focused on workers confronted with cancer recurrence or metastases specifically, so knowledge is lacking. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the work functioning (work ability, burnout complaints, and work engagement) of workers with recurrent or metastasized cancer. Furthermore, the association of psychological capital (hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy) with work functioning was studied. Methods Data from a survey study among workers 2-10 years past cancer diagnosis were used (N = 750); 73% reported a diagnosis of breast cancer and 27% a diagnosis of cancer other than breast cancer. Analysis of variance was used to compare participants with and without cancer recurrence or metastases regarding work functioning (work ability, burnout complaints, and work engagement) and psychological capital (hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy). Multivariate regression analyses were used to analyze the association of type of cancer and psychological capital with work functioning among workers with cancer recurrence or metastatic cancer (n = 54), controlling for age. Results Work ability is significantly lower among workers with cancer recurrence or metastases (controlling for age); however, burnout complaints and work engagement are at comparable levels. Among workers with cancer recurrence or metastases, a higher level of hope is positively associated with work ability and work engagement, and a higher level of hope or resilience is negatively associated with burnout complaints. Conclusion Among workers with cancer recurrence or metastases, work ability needs attention. Furthermore, especially the element hope of psychological capital is important to focus on because of the association with more favorable work functioning in general. The clinical psycho-oncological practice may benefit from these insights in guiding this vulnerable group of workers who are living with active cancer and many uncertainties.

Purpose People with cancer are 1.4 times more likely to be unemployed than people without a cancer diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether programmes to enhance the return-to-work (RTW) process for people who have been diagnosed with cancer are effective. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2011 and updated in 2015. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of non-medical interventions aimed at enhancing return to work (RTW) in people with cancer compared to alternative programmes including usual care or no intervention. Methods We searched CENTRAL (the Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and three trial registers up to 18 August 2021. We also examined the reference lists of included studies and selected reviews, and contacted authors of relevant studies. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs on the effectiveness of psycho-educational, vocational, physical or multidisciplinary interventions enhancing RTW in people with cancer. The primary outcome was RTW measured as either RTW rate or sick leave duration measured at 12 months' follow-up. The secondary outcome was quality of life (QoL). Two review authors independently assessed RCTs for inclusion, extracted data and rated certainty of the evidence using GRADE. We pooled study results judged to be clinically homogeneous in different comparisons reporting risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for RTW and mean differences (MD) or standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% CIs for QoL. Results We included 15 RCTs involving 1477 people with cancer with 19 evaluations because of multiple treatment groups. In this update, we added eight new RCTs and excluded seven RCTs from the previous versions of this review that were aimed at medical interventions. All included RCTs were conducted in high-income countries, and most were aimed at people with breast cancer (nine RCTs) or prostate cancer (two RCTs). Risk of bias: We judged nine RCTs at low risk of bias and six at high risk of bias. The most common type of bias was a lack of blinding (9/15 RCTs). Psycho-educational interventions: We found four RCTs comparing psycho-educational interventions including patient education and patient counselling versus care as usual. Psycho-educational interventions probably result in little to no difference in RTW compared to care as usual (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.24; 4 RCTs, 512 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). This means that in the intervention and control groups, approximately 625 per 1000 participants may have returned to work. The psycho-educational interventions may result in little to no difference in QoL compared to care as usual (MD 1.47, 95% CI -2.38 to 5.32; 1 RCT, 124 participants; low-certainty evidence). Vocational interventions: We found one RCT comparing vocational intervention versus care as usual. The evidence was very uncertain about the effect of a vocational intervention on RTW compared to care as usual (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13; 1 RCT, 34 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The study did not report QoL. Physical interventions: Four RCTs compared a physical intervention programme versus care as usual. These physical intervention programmes included walking, yoga or physical exercise. Physical interventions likely increase RTW compared to care as usual (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.39; 4 RCTs, 434 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). This means that in the intervention group probably 677 to 871 per 1000 participants RTW compared to 627 per 1000 in the control group (thus, 50 to 244 participants more RTW). Physical interventions may result in little to no difference in QoL compared to care as usual (SMD -0.01, 95% CI -0.33 to 0.32; 1 RCT, 173 participants; low-certainty evidence). The SMD translates back to a 1.8-point difference (95% CI -7.54 to 3.97) on the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Multidisciplinary interventions: Six RCTs compared multidisciplinary interventions (vocational counselling, patient education, patient counselling, physical exercises) to care as usual. Multidisciplinary interventions likely increase RTW compared to care as usual (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.33; 6 RCTs, 497 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). This means that in the intervention group probably 694 to 844 per 1000 participants RTW compared to 625 per 1000 in the control group (thus, 69 to 217 participants more RTW). Multidisciplinary interventions may result in little to no difference in QoL compared to care as usual (SMD 0.07, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.28; 3 RCTs, 378 participants; low-certainty evidence). The SMD translates back to a 1.4-point difference (95% CI -2.58 to 5.36) on the EORTC QLQ-C30. Conclusions Physical interventions (four RCTs) and multidisciplinary interventions (six RCTs) likely increase RTW of people with cancer. Psycho-educational interventions (four RCTs) probably result in little to no difference in RTW, while the evidence from vocational interventions (one RCT) is very uncertain. Psycho-educational, physical or multidisciplinary interventions may result in little to no difference in QoL. Future research on enhancing RTW in people with cancer involving multidisciplinary interventions encompassing a physical, psycho-educational and vocational component is needed, and be preferably tailored to the needs of the patient.

Purpose To explore the relationship between quality of working life (QWL) and adaptability of returning to work (RTW) among nurse cancer survivors (NCSs). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on nurses previously diagnosed with cancer. QWL was quantified using the Quality of Working Life Scale (QWL7-32), and the level of RTW adaptability was assessed using the Adaptability of Returning to Work for Cancer Survivors (ARTW-CS) scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to control for confounding factors, and a simple effect analysis was performed on the interaction term. Results After controlling for sociodemographic, work-related, and health-related factors, the findings indicated a significant correlation between "adaptation and planning" and QWL score (p < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that "RTW gradualness" and "support seeking" had an interaction effect (p = 0.021). The simple effect analysis demonstrated that when the "RTW gradualness" score was >= 16 points, nurses with a high "support seeking" score (>= 7 points) exhibited a significantly better QWL than those with a low "support seeking" score (< 7 points) (p < 0.001). Conclusion The interaction between "RTW gradualness" and "support seeking" in the ARTW-CS scale significantly impacted the QWL of the NCSs, underscoring the importance of implementing a gradual career plan and seeking support to enhance QWL.

Purpose Work ability is a critical economic and well-being indicator in cancer care. Yet, work ability is understudied in clinical trials and observational research and is often undocumented in medical records. Despite agreement on the importance of work from well-being, health insurance, and financial perspectives, standardized approaches for collecting, measuring, and analyzing work outcomes are lacking in the health-care setting. The necessary components for closing the gap in patient and caregiver employment research in health-care settings involve a common set of measures, including those that replace or translate generic measures of mental and physical functioning into work outcomes in observational and clinical trial research, standardized approaches to data collection and documentation, and the use of longitudinal data to understand the consequences of reduced work ability over time. Results We present a conceptual framework for the inclusion of work ability in outcomes research. We cover constructs for employment and work ability measurement that can be adopted in research, recorded as patient-level data, and used to guide treatment decisions. Conclusion The inclusion of return to work and hours worked, productivity, and ability to perform in a similar job can support conversations that guide treatment decisions and minimize economic consequences. Our hope is that by considering impact on work ability, improved treatments will be developed, health inequities reduced, and resources directed toward aiding patients and their caregivers in balancing work and health demands.

Purpose This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the coping processes of breast cancer survivors (BCSs) during medical and occupational rehabilitation after acute treatment. Methods This study is part of the mixed-methods Breast Cancer Patients' Return to Work study conducted in Germany. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 26 female BCSs 5–6 years after their diagnosis. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to investigate the coping strategies and contextual factors of coping of BCSs. Results The participants used different strategies for coping with their breast cancer, namely, approach- versus avoidance-oriented coping and emotion- versus problem-focused coping. During the medical rehabilitation process, coping behavior was used mainly to address disease management and its consequences. During the occupational rehabilitation process, most coping strategies were used to overcome discrepancies between the patient's current work capacity and the job requirements. The contextual factors of coping were in the health, healthcare, work-related, and personal domains. Conclusion The study findings provide in-depth insights into the coping processes for BCSs during the rehabilitation phase and highlight the importance of survivorship care after acute cancer treatment. Implications for Cancer survivors: The results indicate that BCSs employ approach- and avoidance-oriented strategies to cope with their cancer during rehabilitation. As both attempts are helpful in the short term to cope with physical and emotional consequences of the cancer, healthcare and psychosocial personnel should respect the coping strategies of BCSs while also being aware of the potential long-term negative impact of avoidance-oriented coping on the rehabilitation process.

Purpose The study aims to describe work status at diagnosis and 8 years post-diagnosis in a nationwide sample of breast cancer survivors (BCSs), and investigate associated and self-reported factors of reduced work status. Methods Women aged 20-65 years when diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer (BC) in 2011 or 2012 were invited to participate in a questionnaire study in 2019 (n = 2803), of whom 49% (n = 1361) responded. For this sub-study, we included 974 BCSs below the legal retirement age in Norway (< 67 years) at survey and with complete work status data. Reduced work status was defined as being in paid work at BC diagnosis and not working at time of survey. Logistic regression analyses were applied to identify factors associated with reduced work status. Results Of BCSs who were in paid work at diagnosis (n = 845), 63% maintained their work status to 8 years later. Reduced work status was associated with not living with children (OR .44, 95% CI .24-.82), age (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11-1.21), chemotherapy (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.24-6.61), > 2 comorbid conditions (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.16-4.32), cognitive function (OR .99, 95% CI .98-.99), fatigue (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03), and neuroticism (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.00-2.46). BC and late effects were reported as reasons for reduced work status and disability. Conclusions The majority of BCSs who were in paid work at diagnosis were working 8 years later. Our results suggest a need to focus on fatigue and reduced cognitive function among long-term BCSs, with the ultimate aim of improving work sustainability.

Février 2024

Purpose Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. Approximately 40% of BC survivors are diagnosed during the peak years of their professional career. Women face numerous obstacles when returning to work (RTW) after BC. Their decision-making process and self-efficacy to overcome these barriers may undergo alterations. The objective of this study was to validate the Return-to-work Obstacles and Self-Efficacy Scale (ROSES) for BC survivors, with a focus on three psychometric properties: construct validity, test-retest reliability, and predictive validity. Methods This prospective study consists of three phases: Phase 1 (baseline, during sick leave) was conducted to evaluate construct validity, Phase 2 (2 weeks later) assessed test-retest reliability, and Phase 3 (6-month follow-up, RTW or not) aimed to evaluate predictive validity. A total of 153 BC survivors participated in Phase 1 of the study, where they completed the 10 dimensions of the ROSES (e.g., fear of relapse, cognitive difficulties). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), Pearson correlations, and Cox regressions were performed, with respect to each phase. Results The mean duration for RTW with the same employer was 62.7 weeks. CFAs confirmed the ROSES structure, which had previously been established for other health conditions, showing satisfactory coefficients. Significant Pearson correlation coefficients were observed between the ROSES dimensions from Phase 1 to Phase 2, ranging from 0.66 to 0.88. When considering various confounding variables, chemotherapy treatment and cognitive difficulties (ROSES dimension) emerged as the only significant predictors of RTW. Conclusion These findings support the utilization of the ROSES in clinical and research settings for BC survivors to improve their successful RTW. After an initial screening using the ROSES, occupational health professionals can further conduct a focused and thorough evaluation of specific dimensions, such as cognitive difficulties. Additional research and information are required to assist BC survivors in dealing with cognitive impairments induced by chemotherapy when they return to work.

Janvier 2026

Working conditions associated with return to work 2 years after breast cancer: insights from a cohort study.

Being a Resource or a Burden, Preparing Return to Work During Treatment: Breast Cancer Survivors' Experiences.

Décembre 2025

Navigating work life after colorectal cancer: insights into work ability and functioning - a Danish follow-up study.

A sustainable career path for cancer survivors returning to work: new theorising from an inductive qualitative case study.

Novembre 2025

Experiences of Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment Across Cancer Types: Qualitative Systematic Review.

Association between return-to-work trajectories and depressive symptoms in long-term breast cancer survivors: results from the French CONSTANCES cohort.

“A journey of enrichment" positive experiences for young and middle-aged head and neck cancer survivors after returning to work: a qualitative study.

Evaluation of the Socio-Medical Assessment of Work Capacity in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in German Rehabilitation Clinics: Its Diagnostic Accuracy for Actual Return to Work and the Physicians' Views on Potential Changes in Current Practice.

Octobre 2025

From treatment to return to work in chilean breast cancer survivors: a qualitative study.

Les croyances, un frein au processus de retour au travail après un cancer?

Septembre 2025

Psychological changes among breast cancer patients completed treatment and factors influencing their return to work during rehabilitation: A qualitative study.

Juillet-août 2025

Feasibility and acceptability of a self-management intervention supporting return to work for women with breast cancer.

Facilitators and barriers associated with returning to work for cancer survivors: A systematic review.

Accommodations in the workplace for cancer survivors: A systematic review.

Experiences of Returning to Work Among Nurses With a Diagnosis of Cancer: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Return-to-work regulations for cancer survivors in Europe - a structured expert-description approach.

Prognostic factors affecting return to work in cancer patients: a systematic review.

Juin 2025

Different needs ask for different care: Breast cancer patients' preferences regarding assessment of care needs and information provision in personalized aftercare.

Mai 2025

Experiences of healthcare professionals returning to work post breast cancer diagnosis in China: A descriptive qualitative study.

Cancer and careers: Perspectives and experiences of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

The relationship between returning to work self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression in renal cancer patients: a cross-lagged analysis.

"Rebuilding Myself"- An intervention enhancing adaptability of cancer patients to return to work: a feasibility study.

Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of iCanWork: Theory-Guided Return-to-Work Intervention for Individuals Touched by Cancer.

Emotions and experiences of head and neck cancer survivors returning to work: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Taking action, return-to-work strategies used by Iranian cancer survivors: a qualitative study.

Avril 2025

Individualized Return-to-Work Intervention Within the Cancer Care Continuum.

Internet-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation for Working Cancer Survivors: A Process Evaluation.

Factors Associated With Not Returning to Work Among Breast Cancer Survivors.

Healthcare workers' real experiences with lung cancer: a qualitative study in China.

"Returning beyond cancer"-a journey of professional reinvention for nurses.

Mars 2025

Recovering or working: women's experiences of working while coping with cancer: a qualitative study.

Effectiveness of a mobile-based return to work program for decent return to work, fatigue, stress, and quality of working life among cancer survivors.

The Cancer and Work Scale (CAWSE): Assessing Return to Work Likelihood and Employment Sustainability After Cancer.

Février 2025

Cancer Recurrence Fear and Return to Work in Breast Cancer Survivors:The Mediating Effects of Health Literacy.

Janvier 2025

Occupational adjustments and work ability of young adult cancer survivors: results from the AYA-Leipzig study.

Returning to Work After Cancer Treatment: An Exploratory Sequential Mixed-Methods Study Guided by Transitions Theory.

Work ability following breast cancer - the MyHealth randomized controlled trial.

Internet-based cognitive rehabilitation for working cancer survivors: A process evaluation.

“It’s a struggle”: a qualitative investigation of relations between cancer-related fatigue and work outcomes.

Décembre 2024

Understanding Return to Work After a Cancer-Related Sickness Absence. Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators Among all Relevant Stakeholders.

Benefits of Early Integrated and Vocational Rehabilitation in Breast Cancer on Work Ability, Sick Leave Duration, and Disability Rates.

Octobre 2024

Nurses' returning to work after cancer: A focus group study.

Septembre 2024

Returning to Work after Breast Cancer: A One-Year Mixed-Methods Study.

Maintien durable au travail des personnes diagnostiquées d’un cancer dans un monde du travail en mutation.

Measures of Work-life Balance and Interventions of Reasonable Accommodations for the Return to Work of Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.

Août 2024

Experiences of unemployed and/or work-disabled cancer survivors who have pursued to return to paid employment: a focus group study.

Juin 2024

Readiness for return to work and its influencing factors among head and neck cancer patients: a cross-sectional study.

Predictive factors for return to work among cancer survivors in Europe: a systematic review.

The experiences and perceptions of employers on cancer survivors returning to work: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Mai 2024

Outcomes and Feasibility of an Occupational Care Programme (TERRA) to Support Work Ability of Rare and Advanced Cancer Patients: A Report of 7 Cases.

Implementing Indicators and Trajectories of Return to Work After Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Mixed-Methods Study Using the French National Healthcare Insurance Database and Stakeholder Consultation.

Effects of a 'Rebuilding Myself' intervention on enhancing the adaptability of cancer patients to return to work: a randomized controlled trial.

Effectiveness of a mobile-based return to work program for decent return to work. fatigue, stress, and quality of working life among cancer survivors.

Effects of a self-managed return to work intervention for colorectal cancer survivors: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Avril 2024

Return to Work in Breast Cancer Patients following an Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Program in a Community-Based Cancer Rehabilitation Center: A Pilot Study.

What really matters for returning to work after breast cancer? A 6-month exploratory study.

Return to work and psychosocial trajectories after breast cancer: a longitudinal and sequential approach.

Mars 2024

Psychological capital and work functioning of workers with recurrent or metastatic cancer beyond return to work.

Non-medical interventions to enhance return to work for people with cancer.